The Case Of Tyco International - 1264 Words

The Case of Tyco The objective of this report is to identify whether there are any unethical issues or legal issues existed in Tyco International. Moreover, we should be able to describe relevant ethical issues and thus apply the concepts into the real life example. Throughout this report, we can aware of the consequences of the unethical behaviours and also help us to learn from the mistake done by the leader In Tyco International. 1.2 Summary of the case Tyco Incorporated was founded in 1960 by Arthur J. Rosenberg, situated in Waltham, Massachusetts. In 1982, to strengthen the company, Tyco were divided into three business segments which are fire protection, electronics and packaging. Tyco reorganized the company again in the 1990s which included electrical and electronic components, health-care and specialty products, fire and security services, and flow control. By 2000 Tyco Inc., had acquired more than three major companies such as ADT, the CIT Group, and Raychem. In 1992, Leo Dennis Kozlowski became the CEO after climbed up from executive, company’s president, and CFO position. Kozlowski used an aggressive approach to gain acquisitions and mergers during his period as a CEO. In choosing the Tyco Inc. board of directors, Kozlowski only picked his own crony and composed the firm’s corporate governance system. In 1999, after a stock split, rumours began to spread about Tyco’s accounting habits. It was said that Tyco was producing irregular financial accounts, but it wasShow MoreRelatedTyco International-Case Study919 Words   |  4 PagesCase Summary: The case discusses the Tyco International corporate scandal that was realized in 2002 when the national television of the U.S. showed one of the most well-known chief executive officers, Dennis Kozlowski in handcuffs after being arrested for misappropriating the companys money and concealing information from the companys board of directors and shareholders. In 2004, the former CEO Dennis Kozlowski and former CFO Mark Swartz were accused of the theft of $170 million from Tyco CorporationRead MoreTyco International Scandal : Case Analysis3560 Words   |  15 Pages TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL A CASE STUDY Soubhagya Ranjan Swain(14B149) 1st Semester BBALLB ABSTRACT TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL Tyco international is the world’s largest maker and servicer of electrical components. Former CEO Dennis Koslowski, former CFO Mark Swartz and former General Counsel Mark Belnick were accused of giving themselves interest free or very low interest loans and also took money disguised as bonuses,that were never approved by the Tyco board or repaid.There existedRead MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1647 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Gupta Bhagirath, BUS604 Grand Canyon University Abstract Tyco International Ltd. NYSE: TYC is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Switzerland, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International is composed of five major business segments: ADT Worldwide, Fire Protection Services, Safety ProductsRead MoreTyco International Accounting Fraud Case Study1544 Words   |  6 PagesTyco Accounting Fraud: Tyco International is an organization with operations in approximately 100 countries resulting in its claim as the largest manufacturer and servicer of electronics and electrical items across the globe. Actually, the firm designs and makes undersea telecommunications systems, electronic security systems, specialty valves, and fire protection systems. The company has also developed to become a major player in the several other markets including adhesives markets, disposableRead MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1653 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Gupta Bhagirath, BUS604 Grand Canyon University Abstract Tyco International Ltd. NYSE: TYC is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Switzerland, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International is composed of five major business segments: ADT Worldwide, Fire Protection Services, Safety ProductsRead MoreThe Price of Unethical Behavior: A Case Study of Tyco International1932 Words   |  8 Pagesmandate, the backlash is often severe. The Price of Unethical Behavior: A Case Study of Tyco International Historical Scenario According to Hellriegel and Slocum (2007), Tyco is a global diversified company that produces products and services in five business segments: fire and security, electronics, health care, engineered products and services, and plastics and adhesives (p.235). In the year 1992, Tyco International hired a new chef executive officer by the name Dennis Kozlowski. Seen by manyRead MoreEssay on Examining a Business Failure - Tyco1003 Words   |  5 PagesExamining a Business Failure: Tyco International Ltd.  ® LDR 531 August 23, 2010 Examining a Business Failure: Tyco International Ltd.  ® Many have heard the proverb, â€Å"A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.† This can be directly applied to business organizations through analysis of the three strongest and/or weakest links: managers, leaders and the organizational structure. These three areas provide the central core to any organization and are often linked to dramatic failuresRead MorePlanning Functions of Management1530 Words   |  7 Pagesset the organization on a detrimental course. This paper will examine to what degree different management planning functions impact the Tyco Corporation as well as factors that influence the planning phase. Legal â€Å"Tyco International, founded by Edward Breen in 1960 is located in Princeton, New Jersey and employs 247, 900 employees† (Tyco, 2008). While the name Tyco is synonymous with success and growth, yet little is known of the legal challenges encountered when planning a new product or alteringRead MoreThe Third Ethical Issue Of Tyco Case1695 Words   |  7 PagesThe third ethical issue in Tyco case that relate to conflict of interest is accounting fraud. Accounting fraud can be described as any act or attempt to manipulate the financial statement for financial gain. It can be one of the legal issues in this case because it consists of fraud which is unlawful in written law. The conflict of interest arises in this case because the auditors, accountants, and executives of Tyco International erode trust and their personal interest has greatly varied with theRead MoreTyco International: Leadership Crisis1629 Words   |  7 PagesTyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study #14 Ethical Decision Making LDR Case Study Prepared by: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Tyco International, one of the most notorious scandals of this decade. Tyco International is a diversified manufacturer that had a big ambition in the late 1990s: to become the next General Electric. The company provides security products and services, fire protection and detection products and services, valves and controls, and other industrial

Literature with the theme of self-destruction - 1660 Words

The act of being self-destructive does not just come to be. It occurs slowly and takes hold in individuals to varying degrees, contingent upon how ‘cold’ they are, and by their level of self-absorption and conceited desires. A combination of these characteristics can be discerned in each of the protagonists from the literary forms I studied. Each character is self-destructive, but the consequences of their actions and the number of people they hurt tends to magnify depending on how many of these characteristics they appear to demonstrate. What unites these characters is their ultimate self-destruction, resulting in the death of three out of four characters studied here. These four characters are Macbeth, from the play ‘Macbeth’ by†¦show more content†¦When Kenny then turned the gun towards Tub, Tub’s emotions escalated into fear, which had instant consequences for Kenny, as Tub reacted on those emotions, without thinking. Society can learn from these examples. Listening to our feelings and recognising emotions, should be something we are taught to heed. They are a prime source of information, working to keep us safe. Macbeth and Kenny teach us that strong emotions like guilt and fear are therefore important because they have the power to prevent repetition of cruel acts that have negative consequences. Becoming cold and callous, by blocking access to feelings, is an important teaching tool for society. An additional flaw that facilitates the destruction of the character’s self is the egotistical, conceited self absorption the protagonists Eddie, Ben, and Macbeth have in themselves. This is evident in Eddie Carbone’s inability to compromise when he finds his incongruous desires for his Niece threatened by Rodolfo, an Italian immigrant staying in America with the Carbone family to escape the impoverished conditions in Italy. As Catherine’s relationship with Rodolfo strengthens, Eddie’s personal desires and feelings towards Catherine become increasingly more obsessive and conspicuous. He voices his resentment and antagonism towards Rodolfo, determined to preventShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelly1098 Words   |  5 Pagesmost popular formats for literature is a hero faced with seemingly insurmountable struggles who is able to overcome these obstacles and live ‘happily ever after’. However, some of the most famous books in literature have an extremely different structure to their stories. These books center on characters of questionable moral integrity, who through their own poor decisions bring about their own misery and often ultimate demise. When examined this theme of self-destruction can be seen in many of whatRead MoreThe Power of Self-Destruction in Shakespeares Othello Essay802 Words   |  4 Pageswriters known in English literature. Othello has been said to be of the most touching and intimate of Shakespeare tragedies. The source of Othello comes from Girald Cirthio’s Tall of the Moor, considering the modification of a few details, this was a manifestation of Shakespeare’s ability to take a reputable story and elevate it into poetic tragedy (Cahn 106). Othello is the story of love, deception, and power. Othello, an army general in Venice, comes into conflict with his self and social identityRead MoreSylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdespondent and she co mmitted suicide by inhaling gas from her kitchen stove (â€Å"Plath, Sylvia: Introduction†). American writer Sylvia Plath had many outstanding works including â€Å"Lady Lazarus†. This work illustrates Plath’s use of autobiographical influence, theme, and style, especially her use of imagery. â€Å"Lady Lazarus† is an â€Å"extraordinarily bitter dramatic monologue in twenty-eight tercets† (Heaton). A female Lazarus that takes pleasure in rising from the dead several times is the speaker of this poem. TheRead More The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Teiresias in SophoclesOedipus Rex (the King) Teiresias uses his psychic abilities to foreshadow the anguish and destruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also responsible for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing dramatic irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. InRead MoreThemes of Midnights Children Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfinally exiled back in Britain†( Schrà ¶ttner). The novel includes many major themes that are not only specific to India, but can be universalized as well. Rushdie includes the juxtaposition of destruction and creation, and fate and freewill, as well as themes surrounding identity crisis and fragmentation. The theme of destruction vs. creation repeatedly appears throughout the novel. The most prominent symbols of this theme are Saleem and Shiva; the boys who were switched at birth. Shiva and his dadRead More Comparing Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market and William Wordsworth’s The Thorn1713 Words   |  7 Pagesto understanding the works â€Å"Goblin Market† and â€Å"The Thorn† is recognizing the common underlying themes of sex and gender and how these themes affect perspective in both poems. In Christina Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market,† the main foci are on feminism and the oppression of women by men. The first part of Rossetti’s message is given through her thoughts on feminism, which is surely a major theme in this poem. For instance, the two main characters, Laura and Lizzie, reside free of any positiveRead MoreThe Southern Gothic Genre Of Literature1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe southern gothic genre of literature can be described as â€Å"plots involving violence or hidden trauma, eccentric and often psychologically troubled characters, and an atmosphere of repression and decay† (Oxford Dictionary). This dark, depressing theme found in literature is one that highlights the harsh realities that characters face in their own geographic area. It is vital for southern gothic stories to incorporate the theme of some type of external decay. In the texts Salvage the Bones and SwamplandiaRead MoreEssay The Rites of Spring by Modris E ksteins1028 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical, social and cultural climate of the early twentieth century. His sources were not merely the more traditional sources of the historian: political, military and economic accounts; rather, he drew from the rich, heady brew of art, music, dance, literature and philosophy as well. Eksteins examined ways in which life influenced, imitated, and even became art. Eksteins argues that life and art, as well as death, became so intermeshed as to be indistinguishable from one another. The title of the bookRead MoreEssay on Modernism at Its Finest in Literature756 Words   |  4 Pagesthe twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind’s conscience on how the world, mind, and language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In this time era, literature and art became a largerRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher : Poes And Dark Romanticism1007 Words   |  5 Pagesof the transcendentalists (Howard, 1). As consequence, its characters are prone to sin and self-destruction, since by nature, they are not wise or divine beings. One of the most representative authors of the current is Poe, who is usually considered as the one who inaugurated this current (H oward, 3). His stories are notable for his exploration of human psychology, particularly perversity and self-destruction: â€Å"They viewed the world darkly. Although some stories do contain elements of hope†¦and deal

More Than a Sport Essay Sample free essay sample

Brotherhood is indispensable for the development of most work forces. From concerns to athleticss. we all go through hardships in life. Most need a small push to give them that other initial measure to make their possible. Majority of others are born leaders in which they lead the blind into the visible radiation to see what honor that will harvest on the other side. Football is more than a athletics. it is an intuition built on edifice character and bonds that can non be broken. Pure silence and deep contemplation clouded the cabinet room as we prepared for the resulting conflict against our challengers. Simpson Academy. As our defensive secondary manager. Coach Raley. began to reexamine over our defensive assignments. I walk outside. The heat of the Sun on my face felt great as I walked to the football field. Hands in my pocket. I wander aimlessly around the north terminal end station glade my caput and reviewing over the address that I was fixing to give as the secondary’s captain. We will write a custom essay sample on More Than a Sport Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kneeling to the Earth. I rest my caput on my custodies and recited a supplication. After several proceedingss passed by. I returned to the cabinet room. Walking towards my cabinet I begin to strap on my equipment. After my teammates and I were to the full dressed. we all gathered together for a chant. After the chant I began to give my teammates a address about bravery. hardship. and brotherhood. After the address I looked into the eyes of every captain and teammate that stood before me and declaim this quotation mark from Ray Lewis. â€Å"You take five fingers. Individually. I can trap any one of them. but if I pin them together. it’s darn near impossible to turn this around† . We all raised our custodies as I stood in the center of the powwow and as we separated the reverberations of brotherhood bounced off the concrete walls in the cabinet room. Soon after our caput manager. Mac Barnes. gave us an emotional address and we all bowed our caputs hold oning one another’s manus declaiming the Lord’s Prayer. Lining up. the squad and I walked through the doubles door as we touched a commemoration of a former participant. Drew Denney. who died one twenty-four hours after pattern that was above the door. Troting onto the field. the crowd erupts with cheer interrupting sound dBs. Simpson jogs on the field to the sounds off hoot and disgust. As the cheers subside. the captains from each squad made their manner to focus on field with disgust and hatred filmed over their eyes. As the referee flipped the coin. we elected to postpone the kickoff. The conflict was about to get down. As the particular squad and I made our manner onto the field. I bury my cleats deep beneath the Earth as our kicker raised his manus and ran towards the ball. Prisoner of war! I jumping out of my stance go forthing spots of Earth behind as the ball spiraled downfield. Catching velocity. I made the resulting fierce tackle on the Simpson participant directing his helmet winging off at the four pace line. The crowd erupts. After Simpson’s three and out on discourtesy. they punt the ball. Our discourtesy makes their manner to the field. Quarterback receives the drama from the manager. gives the drama to the d iscourtesy. and stands under centre. Detecting the defence and doing his pre catch hearable and the centre hikes the ball. Droping back into his violative pocket. he scans the field for a broad unfastened receiving system and he finds one. Cocking back his arm. he launches the ball to the right out of bounds to a broad unfastened receiving system. Touchdown. the observer announces from the imperativeness box. The crowd erupts once more in a deafening boom of cheer. After that first drama. our discourtesy began to snap single-footing up 28 points in the first half as our smothering defence held them to zero points. After the halftime doorbell sounds. we make our manner to our respected cabinet suites. Excited and hyped up we run into the cabinet room with cheer and animalistic chants. Our manager. concealing his exhilaration. quiet us down and state us that we still have concern to take attention of. After the halftime celebrations. we made our manner back to the field to get down stretching and warming ourselves back up from being stationary. Simpson kicks the ball off to us. As our discourtesy makes their manner to the field. we are confident that we can non be stopped ; Unfortunately. Simpson had other programs in head as their defence intercepts a base on balls thrown to the center of the field to our running back and runs it to the terminal zone. Frustrated. I go to the out of bounds and state our discourtesy that we have to pick up our drama. The following several thrusts Simpson was ruddy hot from the field. Our defensive line began to pall as Simpson violative line drove them back and do our secondary choice up the slack. Missed tackles and blown assignments carried us into a deeper hole to delve ourselves out of. At the terminal of the game. the concluding mark was 35-28. Taking off my helmet in defeat and daze. my squad and I showed sportsmanship agitating Simpson teammate’s custodies. As we made our manner back to the cabinet room. heavy suspirations and emotions seeped throughout the full cabinet room. Our managers came in and gave us some motivational words to convey our liquors up. After the managers made their addresss. I got up and made my manner to the centre of the cabinet room. Angered. I made an emotional address about get the better ofing hardship and brotherhood. Bringing each one another up from a rough state of affairs and larning from you errors and how to get the better of those hardships if we of all time encounter them once more. After the address. I brought t he squad in for a chant and we went to our respected places. Football is non merely a game but. it teaches us finding and teamwork. You go through a batch of ups and downs and wins and losingss. You will hold to convey up some teammates and convey out the best in others. Your squad becomes non merely becomes a squad. but a brotherhood that can non be broken. In kernel. no affair what life throws your manner nor hardships and tests and trials that you may meet. remain strong and manner out the storm to see the rainbow on the other side.

Lab Questions Module free essay sample

In Spanish In the late sass? What was the reaction? Risky Martin shocked the audience by singing In Spanish at the 1 asss Grammar Awards. Eventually, the audience gave Martin a standing ovation for his brilliant song. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music came back onto the scene 15 years before Risky Martins performance with Gloria Sateens Conga. It gave diversity in music, and showed people the culture of Spanish people. How did the sounds of salsa change? Salsa music was toned down lyrically. Marc Anthony and La India were two of the most popular salsa artists at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Questions Module or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These artists brought together Latinist and Hispanics of all races into one form of music. 4. What was the influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? Risky Martin was the most prominent in the reign of Spanish music at the time. Liven La Vida Local was Martins explosion of Spanish flare Into American culture at the time.He was the inspiration or many more artists to mix their tongues of Spanish and English music at the time. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Slenderer Lopez), Marc Anthony, and Risky Martin were the most well known artists who brought in Spanish Flare into American Culture. 6. Why did the Latin music Influence decrease? Latin artists felt as If they were Intruding Into American music. But on the other hand, Latin artists were transforming American music culture. . What was Regnant? Regnant was rooted from Jamaican Reggae and intertwined Spanish and Jamaican music. Those, whose genre was that, thought they were more on the Spanish Hippo side. Daddy Yankee was the most prominent at the time and influenced more artists at the time. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Latin/Spanish Music influenced the genre of Musicals and Rock. Junes began bringing Latin music into Rock music. In The Heights features Latin singers and lyrics with a Latin story line.

Tenskwatawa essays

Tenskwatawa essays History has not been kind to Tenskwatawa, otherwise known as Lalawethika or The Prophet. He is inevitably compared to his heroic brother Tecumseh and fails to measure up in both physical and moral stature. He seems hidden in the shade of his brother's name, whereas his brother would never have had the stature he received if it were not for The Prophet's religion of classical Indian heritage. Lalawethika seemed to be plentiful of both physical and social shortcomings. An unimpressive-looking man of below-average height, fond of wearing jewelry, especially small medals, which he hung from his pierced nose and ears. His most striking physical characteristic was his damaged right eye, which was permanently closed after he injured it with a bow and arrow. Lalawethika was not a likable person. He was not accepted by the other Shawnee youths and refused to take part in traditionally prestigious male activities such as hunting and fighting. As a young man he boasted of his abilities but seemed to lack anyambition. He attempted to compensate for his misfortunes but was only counterproductive in making a truculent, bragging personality that earned him his nickname Lalawethika (The Rattle or Noisemaker)" (p. 73). Two activities Lalawethika liked were drinking and talking. He wasn't as gifted a speaker as his brother Tecumseh, but he was nonetheless manipulative and forceful. Using these qualities he became a medicine man in Tecumseh's village. Lalawethika's transformation from a lazy drunkard into a powerful spiritual leader came after a dream in which he claimed to have been visited by the Great Spirit. He proclaimed his new name to be Tenskwatawa meaning "The Open Door." White settlers began to call him The Prophet because he said the gods had shown him the path to salvation for his people. This new religion called upon Natives to reject white culture and return to the traditional way of life. Tenskwatawa gave up alcohol and urge...

Australian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Australian Economy - Essay Example Figure 1 - Historical real GDP growth in Australia's economy The Australian economy is expected to see a rise of between 3.75% and 4% in the GDP for the 2011-12 fiscal year. However certain estimates see this prediction as too high given the current global economic climate (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Brinsden, 2010). The figure below speaks volumes of the success of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank in keeping the Australian economy afloat (Australian Government, 2010; Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010). Figure 2 - Comparison of international GDP growth rates The GDP of any nation is composed of the consumption (C), the investment (I), the net governmental fiscal spending (G) and the net exports (X – Q) which can be expressed mathematically as: Australia’s response to these components can be used to better delineate the response of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank to deal with the ch allenges in the wake of the global financial crisis. Consumption can be used as a major indicator of the economic situation. Australia saw an increase in retail spending of around 0.8% by volume between June 2009 and 2010 which indicates greater consumer confidence (The Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). However there is little denying that the global financial crisis made Australian consumers all the more conservative (Gruen, 2010) as the household savings rate went up by 1.3% by May 2010 (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010). Given that consumption growth alone is responsible for 1.5% of the growth of the Australian GDP, it serves as an important sector. The GDP also witnessed a boost in investment especially in the mining sector although the government’s new tax on mining was expected to prohibit further growth. The mining industry witnessed a growth in investment of 29% between June 2009 and 2010 which was around 50% more than expected (Pascoe, 2010). As an initial respo nse to the global financial crisis the government spending shot up dramatically but this was slowed down fearing: overstimulation of the economy; crowding out of private investment; placing a large debt burden. The GDP was positively supported by the net exports as the current account deficit first fell and then went into a positive trade surplus. The increase in net exports can be seen to result from increased demand for Australian minerals in the South East Asian market. Moreover contribution from net exports is expected to rise in 2011 as new capital investment is lowered into mineral operations that will remove bottle necks that affect production capacity (Stutchbury, 2010). The policies and approaches adopted by the Australian government since 2008 have been directed at handling the impacts of the global financial crisis. Macroeconomic policies have been specifically designed and geared to minimise damage from the global financial crisis. Moreover another chief aim of these pol icies remains the provision of adequate exit strategies that would be implemented once economic stability is seen on the horizon. The current fiscal stance of the Australian government is more towards contraction as the budget deficit for 2010-11 was some 40.8

Finance and risk management,Shipping finance Essay - 1

Finance and risk management,Shipping finance - Essay Example Financing the ship industry has always evolved with the prevailing market conditions. More investment has always been required in the industry above the owner’s potential to finance hence the need for banks. The industry has its strengths and weaknesses, there have been opportunities, and it has also seen threats. This paper examines the relationship between shipping financing and shipping markets, the major sources of capital available in the shipping industry, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) in the industry. The shipping industry represents a substantial percentage of the world trade. The industry is one of the most effective forms of transport and the costs are relatively low. It costs 11 percent and 20 percent of the transportation cost on roads and rails respectively. If the business is doing well it can have a high capital return of about 25 percent per annum ( Nizam and Ghanem 15). Shipping industry is also a dynamic industry; there is continual investment in research and development of new technology. This contributes to the global technological growth. This industry is cyclical and relies on the changes of the global market. This makes the industry to be uncertain. The industry also experiences a shortage of skilled labour and management because there are few people who are professionals in this field. The image of this industry is poor; people tend to perceive the industry to be archaic and therefore outdated. Vessels also cause pollution of the environment through emission of CO2 and noise. There are initiatives to make ships more environmentally friendly. This will make ships more acceptable. There is also a long term plan to recruit, educate, and train skilled seafarers. This will close the gap pertaining to lack of skilled labour. There is an initiative to improve propulsion technology of ships through building bigger ships, nuclear powered ships,