Childcare system Essay

Many parents that have kids want to stay at ome during the early years of the children’s youth, but after those years they can’t afford to go back to work. Over 50% of moms that usally stay home and want to go to work but just can’t afford to acording to Ms. Truss. About 17% of moms that did work couldn’t earn enough to be able to have money that would last awhile. â€Å"While 12% cited a lack of job opportunities.† Ms. Truss believes that stuff like this shouldn’t stop people from helping the 52% of mom’s find an affordable childcare so that they can go out and looks for an affordable job. Mrs. Truss wants to have a deregulated childcare system, unlike the other childcares, to have a sinle nursery double with the amount of children they are responsable for. â€Å"Anand Shukla, Chief Executive of the Family, Parenting Insitute, and Daycare Trust wonder if carers and the self-employed will be eligible for this financial support and said something about the devil will be in detail†. The Labour has warned if they cut the nursery staffing levels, it could threaten child safty of the children that are being taken cared of while there parents are working. If stuff like this keeps happening, and they do cut nursery staffing levels, i think the problem would get worse, kids might be killed from carlessness from the lowered class nursery staff, more parents would stay home to protect there kids. If they want to provent stuff like this, they can’t cut the nusery staffing level and have to find something that is less important they can cut to be able to let mothers keep there jobs and so there kids can be safe. They could cut off stuff like entertainment or stuff like amusment parks, just some examples but in my oppion, taking care of the future generation is more important than these two examples. As long as they don’t take drastic messures like cutting nursery staffing levels, the future for them looks pretty good as long as they cut stuff of less important value.

Designing an Office Space Essay

Designing a new office space for a law firm requires careful consideration and planning. Not only must the space be esthetically pleasing, but must function well for those who work within it. In addition, there are many other considerations that must be addressed. Among them are what type of space to choose, budgetary constraints, room for expansion, and technology. CHOOSING A SPACE The old adage in real estate goes â€Å"location, location, location.† This also holds true when considering a space for your firm. In our fact pattern the supervising attorney has two choices. The first is a shared space with five other solo practitioners. The second is a suite of offices that are located adjacent to a mid-sized firm. I would recommend to the supervising attorney that we choose the suite of offices. We would be given the opportunity and space to expand as our firm grows. Also, by locating ourselves adjacent to a mid-sized firm, we position ourselves to appear as a larger firm than what we are. This can help to create a positive first impression the first time clients visit the office. If we were to position ourselves within an office with five other practitioners, it would be less apparent to clients that we were running our own firm. BUDGETARY CONCERNS Although leasing as individual office space is often more expensive than sharing space with other attorney’s, I believe the firm would benefit from having its own space for several reasons. Image, along with reputation, is a key factor when a client chooses a firm. We want to convey to clients that we are a successful firm and having our own space will help to convey that. Also, sharing an office space with attorneys who practice other areas of law could lead to an uncomfortable environment or situation for our clients. A woman coming to see her divorce attorney may feel uncomfortable sharing a waiting room with a man, possibly charged with a violent crime, waiting to see his criminal defense attorney. EXPANSION PLANS By selecting to lease a suite of offices to use rather than a shared space, we afford ourselves the opportunity and space to expand. As the firm grows and takes on additional partners, we will need to increase our office space to accommodate both the attorney as well as support staff. Below is a sample layout for a sole practitioner law firm that I have designed with expansion in mind. When the time comes to expand, we can take over the adjacent office to create a space that closely mirrors the original space. By utilizing a single hallway between offices we increase efficiency and when we expand we can create a horseshoe shaped walk way within the office. AMENITIES The space will have many features and amenities that will enhance the client experience while increasing productivity. The reception area will have multiple seating areas. Large, oversized sofas will provide a comfortable place for clients to wait until they are seen. Small coffee tables will be available for clients to use to work from. A small buffet with coffee, tea, and pastries will be available for clients to enjoy. Each of these things will provide a positive first impression for the client as well as a comfortable experience. Both the attorney as well as the legal assistant will have private offices which will be adjacent to each other. This provides a way for them to communicate effectively as well as collaborate on cases as needed. The attorney’s office shall be sufficiently large enough to house reference materials and books in large custom bookshelves. The legal assistant’s office will also have bookshelves as well as file cabinets for storage. Attorneys will have a small room designated strictly for meeting with clients. This allows the attorney to meet with a client outside of their personal workspace. The client meeting room will feature a table that seats six people comfortably. Since one of our areas of practice is family law, the room will have a small armoire in which children’s toys can be stored for times when the client brings small children with them. A large conference room will be created for depositions and general meetings. It will have a large table capable of seating at least ten people. There will also be additional room available for a court reporter to record depositions. The conference room will be located across the hall for convenience to both the attorney and legal assistant. Additionally, the office will have several rooms dedicated to specific functions. There will be a copy room with an adjacent supply room. The copy room will house a copier as well as a fax and scanner. Locating the supply room adjacent to the copy room will create easy access for copy room supplies. A large break room with kitchen will allow the firm to have an area for caterers to set up in if we are having a large function. It will also serve as a lunch area or break room for staff. An I.T. room will house all of our computer servers as well as central phone equipment. The office will also have a large room dedicated to file storage. Inside the file storage room we will utilize fire resistant file cabinets to protect records. TECHNOLOGY Part of conveying a positive and successful image to clients will be the use of the latest available technologies within the office. The firm will adopt software that allows for cloud computing. This will allow both the attorney and the legal assistant to access information from both inside the office as well as outside. Wi-Fi will be provided in the office to facilitate the use of iPads and laptops. This will allow staff to take their laptop or iPad room to room during the course of their workday as they move from case to case. CONCLUSION Every decision that is made in the planning stages of designing a firm’s office layout can have both good and bad consequences. It is extremely important to give careful thought to how the space is laid out and how those who work in the space will utilize it. It is my belief that the plans laid out above would provide a way to achieve the firms goals of putting forth a positive and successful image, provide a path to expansion, as well as provide a space that will maximize efficiency and productivity. REFERENCES Roper, B.D. (2006). Practical Law Office Management. New York, NY: Thompson Delmar Learning.

Baroque Music

Baroque Music New style music began to be developed in 1600, and this form of music later was called the Baroque style. Baroque music is quite different from medieval and early Renaissance music, the development of new harmonies and melody lines adds rhythm and variation of the work, giving them new shapes and shapes. The structure of the music also changed, forming various forms such as fuel and cannon, and introduced various instruments. In the Baroque era, Baroque music represents the fundamental order of the universe, but it is always full of vitality and elegance The style of polyphonic music is exquisite decoration, which is the definition of baroque music The baroque music is not a musical style, there are a variety of styles ... Robert has personally experienced major changes in the music industry.To enter the music culture The first step was a junior high school where my father joined the school band.Tipping trumpet and baritone is a bait to invite him to music.This early lo ve for music is that a group of friends piano and guitar It led to the creation of a garage band to join. The era of baroque music occurred between 1600 and 1750, the style of Baroque art prospered throughout Europe; during this period the range and complexity of the music expanded. Baroque music began with the composition of the first opera (with the dramatic solo voice of the orchestra). In the Baroque era, the use of multiple simultaneous melody lines of polyphonic alignment music is still important (being aligned to medieval vocal music is very important). German Baroque's composer writes small orchestras such as string instruments, brass instruments and woodwind instruments, as well as choirs such as organ, harpsichord, harpsichord and keyboard instruments. During this period, several key music formats were defined. And it followed the late stages of further development and evolution, including Fugue, Invention, Sonata and Concerto. The late Baroque style is a complex, complex and lavish decoration. Baroque Music Baroque Music New style music began to be developed in 1600, and this form of music later was called the Baroque style. Baroque music is quite different from medieval and early Renaissance music, the development of new harmonies and melody lines adds rhythm and variation of the work, giving them new shapes and shapes. The structure of the music also changed, forming various forms such as fuel and cannon, and introduced various instruments. In the Baroque era, Baroque music represents the fundamental order of the universe, but it is always full of vitality and elegance The style of polyphonic music is exquisite decoration, which is the definition of baroque music The baroque music is not a musical style, there are a variety of styles ... Robert has personally experienced major changes in the music industry.To enter the music culture The first step was a junior high school where my father joined the school band.Tipping trumpet and baritone is a bait to invite him to music.This early lo ve for music is that a group of friends piano and guitar It led to the creation of a garage band to join. The era of baroque music occurred between 1600 and 1750, the style of Baroque art prospered throughout Europe; during this period the range and complexity of the music expanded. Baroque music began with the composition of the first opera (with the dramatic solo voice of the orchestra). In the Baroque era, the use of multiple simultaneous melody lines of polyphonic alignment music is still important (being aligned to medieval vocal music is very important). German Baroque's composer writes small orchestras such as string instruments, brass instruments and woodwind instruments, as well as choirs such as organ, harpsichord, harpsichord and keyboard instruments. During this period, several key music formats were defined. And it followed the late stages of further development and evolution, including Fugue, Invention, Sonata and Concerto. The late Baroque style is a complex, complex and lavish decoration. Baroque music The style of polyphonic music in the Baroque period contains elements contrasting exquisite decoration, which is the definition of baroque music. The Baroque era is a transition period of art and music. Renaissance means playback and is often seen as playback. Baroque music is not a collective style of music, it is many different styles that can be divided into at least three different periods. Through the Renaissance, people have new interest in art and music, which brings the Baroque era, it seems to be a more transitory phase and has brought the maturity of classical era classical music starting from the end of baroque . What is the essence of baroque music? Baroque music represents order, the fundamental order of the universe. But it is always full of energy and beauty. Music reflects the mood of the times, and then as usual. Through this short overview, from the beginning to the present, please follow the development of music with baroque music in the historical context. Music a nd playing are as stylish as anything else. Currently there are two ways to play baroque music. It is modern and real. Both names are misleading. A little understanding of these options will guide you to the recording you choose later. The performance of baroque chorus music requires life and vitality. Music is full of excitement. In baroque music, it is common for emotional matches to a certain part of composition. This comes from the Baroque view that individuals are always controlled by a single emotion or emotion. But this does not mean that music should not be ruthless. Baroque choral works may have more obvious emotions than the music of the Renaissance. Emotional contrast MUST be achieved when some part is over and the other part starts with new rhythm and new dynamics I like baroque music rather than classical music. I chose baroque music because it is more interesting. Classical music is just too simple compared to baroque music. In baroque music, more emotions are evoked. A good example is Four Seasons by Vivaldi. For me, classical music is too boring and repetitive. Baroque music always makes me wary, let me guess what will happen next. I care more about the meaning of the work than the meaning of the work. I like Baroque music, but I never crush classical music. Many wonderful pieces come from two era of music Baroque music The style of polyphonic music in the Baroque period contains elements contrasting exquisite decoration, which is the definition of baroque music. The Baroque era is a transition period of art and music. Renaissance means playback and is often seen as playback. Baroque music is not a collective style of music, it is many different styles that can be divided into at least three different periods. Through the Renaissance, people have new interest in art and music, which brings the Baroque era, it seems to be a more transitory phase and has brought the maturity of classical era classical music starting from the end of baroque . What is the essence of baroque music? Baroque music represents order, the fundamental order of the universe. But it is always full of energy and beauty. Music reflects the mood of the times, and then as usual. Through this short overview, from the beginning to the present, please follow the development of music with baroque music in the historical context. Music a nd playing are as stylish as anything else. Currently there are two ways to play baroque music. It is modern and real. Both names are misleading. A little understanding of these options will guide you to the recording you choose later. The performance of baroque chorus music requires life and vitality. Music is full of excitement. In baroque music, it is common for emotional matches to a certain part of composition. This comes from the Baroque view that individuals are always controlled by a single emotion or emotion. But this does not mean that music should not be ruthless. Baroque choral works may have more obvious emotions than the music of the Renaissance. Emotional contrast MUST be achieved when some part is over and the other part starts with new rhythm and new dynamics I like baroque music rather than classical music. I chose baroque music because it is more interesting. Classical music is just too simple compared to baroque music. In baroque music, more emotions are evoked. A good example is Four Seasons by Vivaldi. For me, classical music is too boring and repetitive. Baroque music always makes me wary, let me guess what will happen next. I care more about the meaning of the work than the meaning of the work. I like Baroque music, but I never crush classical music. Many wonderful pieces come from two era of music

Discussion Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Discussion Questions - Coursework Example Queries could be used to locate information from a database. Also, they could be used to delete information from the database especially if there is redundancy or similarity of codes and information. Lastly, queries could be used to update databases and existing body of information in a database. This is to say that all the three functions would be used and done effectively within a short time using the codes or inquiry or the query (Gupta & Sarawagi, 2006). For instance, one would locate an employee through unique identification code from the many employees. Similarly, where and when the specific information has been located within the database, the related information would be highlighted and managed or deleted according to the requirement or specific need of the user. In the same line of thought and argument, once the relevant information has been picked or selected, there is the option of update, which could be done once a user enters a change in the database. In order to effectively and properly create a database form, it is imperative to note and mention that the user need to define and articulate a bound. A bound refers to the connection that expressly links the data source to the whole database such as through queries or tables. It is important to maintain the buttons of command and controls which are required to operate the whole application process. It is a good practice and standard to create a form using the form tool. Once a user locates it, it is critical that he or she finds the navigation pane which would encompass information and details that the user wishes to view and see at the final stage of output. It is common to create a split form which means that a user would wish to see from the navigation pane. This could easily be done and accomplished by clicking on the create tab then move to the forms therefore move to the next step of more forms and finally clicking on the split forms. A split form looks more appealing

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Individual Report - Essay Example The fundamental principle towards achieving a successful integrated marketing strategy for a product entails both the combination of the traditional and the non-traditional marketing promotional methods, to enhance the synergies of different promotional tactics, such that together, they can produce brand equity for the product. The creation of a synergy for different promotional tactics ensures that the weakness associated with one promotional tactic is offset by the strengths of the other promotional methods, thus building a marketing strategy for a brand that is consistent, clear and easily understandable, and which increases the impact of the marketing campaign (Zvobgo & Melewar, 2011:12). Thus, this discussion seeks to establish Strategic marketing communications approach that can be applied towards ensuring the success of Sony and its SP3 product, with a view to applying a combination of different promotional strategies, to tell the overall product story of (PlayStation 3) to the market. To achieve this, the discussion will seek to establish the weakness associated with each of the available promotional tactics for the products and determine how each of the weaknesses is offset by the application of an integrated system of various marketing promotional tactics. The suitable marketing approach that has been devised for Sony is the APPD approach. The APPD marketing approach focuses on the application of four key marketing strategies; Advertising, Personal selling, Public Relations and Direct marketing as the basis of a product promotion. Under this strategic marketing approach, both the traditional and the non-traditional marketing tactics are applied, to enhance a synergy that increases the impact of the advertising and promotional campaign. Advertising is one of the marketing tactics that will be combined with the other three components of the devised APPD marketing approach for SP3 product,

Americans with Disabilities Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Americans with Disabilities Act - Essay Example Title I of the Act clearly states that all the employers who have at least fifteen employees working under them, must give equal chances of employment to qualified disabled persons as well so that they get all the benefits that the organization is giving to the otherwise fit persons. The emphasis is on the elimination of discrimination which may arise in â€Å"recruitment, hiring, promotions, training, pay, social activities, and other privileges of employment† (U.S. Department of Justice, 2005). The employers do not have to ask them questions about the applicants’ disabilities until the job has been offered. Also, the employers are required to make such accommodations that should be appropriate for the physical or mental impairment that person is going through. The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) holds the responsibility to file complaints and charges against persons non-complying with the Act (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2008). . .. job tasks; making equipment available for them; arranging medical examinations; modifying policies; or, arranging for special examiners and interpreters. Not all accommodations are needed by one disabled person. Every one of them would require a different sort of accommodation to be adjusted. But before making these accommodations, I would give a deep consideration to whether or not I should perceive the conditions being told as serious enough impairments that should require some accommodations made by me as a business manager. As far as obesity is concerned, Carrier (2000) states that â€Å"although courts initially were reluctant to recognize obesity as a qualifying disability for purposes of ADA protection, courts are increasingly willing to consider obesity as a disability giving plaintiffs status to raise ADA claims.† If I keep in mind the definition of disability as stated by the Act, then obesity is also one such claimed disability that restricts one to perform major li fe activities due to problems like in mobility. However, the point where obesity is defined should be considered. I will see that the person claiming accommodation is just fat or has higher than average fatness, and will see if there is a physical disorder that is causing obesity. If I find that there is some complication really associated with the person’s physique, I will make certain arrangements for him to make him feel at ease while at work but this decision would be more ethical than legal. Same is the case with depression as one cannot work properly when he suffering through anxiety, stress or trauma. If he is otherwise qualified, then I will consider arranging psychotherapists for the person. Again, this would be more of an ethical decision. Dyslexia is a serious impairment and under

Social Context Account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Context Account - Essay Example For one to look back at the past and analyse its effect in life today, the present has to be favourable according to the individual in question. This means that if the past influenced one’s life so badly that the present is damaged, only counselling or other forms of therapy can remedy the situation and enable one to look back at the events of their past.1 Depending on an individual, the social environment one grows in can make or break one’s character. For instance, some people are discouraged by discriminative backgrounds till they psychologically believe they are not worth better treatment. On the other hand, others consider maltreatment as a challenge which if overcome, one emerges not only a stronger, but also a better person. Due to the unpredictable nature of a child’s reaction to the social environment, there are many organizations committed to ensuring that children are protected from harsh social conditions. In addition, many governments have signed tre aties and passed laws to protect young citizens.2 _____________________________ 1 A James, and A Prout (eds), Constructing and Reconstructing childhood: contemporary issues in the sociological Study of Childhood, Falmer Press, London, 1997. 2 R Appignanesi, and O Zarate, Freud for Beginners, Icon Books, Cambridge, 1992. Background information My parents were born and brought up in Bangladesh after which they moved to London, UK. I was born on April 4, 1989 in London where I have lived ever since. The UK and Bangladesh are countries with many contrasting characteristics that are mainly due to their geographical locations, economic, political, and religious practises found in the two countries. Bangladesh is found in southern Asia while UK is situated in northern Europe. Bangladesh is mainly an Islamic country while the most dominant religion in the UK is Christianity. In society, religion plays an important role in how the society operates since it provides a basis for moral and ethi cal standards. In the UK, the church and government are separate entities and that is why the society in London is considered secular and has markedly different characteristics compared to that of Bangladesh where religion determines the kind of lifestyle people live. Comparison between UK and Bangladesh Christianity, mostly Anglican, is the dominant religion in the UK while Bangladesh is mostly Islamic. The cultures of the two countries are composite, having components derived from all over the world. Both countries are members of the UN and have signed the United Nations convention on the rights of the child (UNCRC) which seeks to ensure that minors enjoy basic rights and are protected from unfair treatment. However, the countries differ in the way they enforce these laws since in Bangladesh, children are still recruited into the armed forces among other forms of mistreatment. This means that a child growing up in Bangladesh is likely to be affected by these vices directly or indi rectly. On the other hand, the UK is strict in assuring her citizens of their rights and, therefore, children enjoy more rights and freedoms compared to their Bangladeshi counterparts. 99 percent of the population in the UK is literate as compared to a mere 43.1 percent in Bangladesh. Education has a huge impact on how people relate to each other and their interpretations of everyday phenomena. On the other hand, the educated population in UK is more corrupt at 7.7 perception index compared

Medication errors and prevention in nursing Research Paper

Medication errors and prevention in nursing - Research Paper Example ional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labeling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use. The greatest cause of the errors in medication is significantly associated to limited technology in most healthcare facilities among other personal factors like social stress, fatigue and incompetence. Research findings have established that modern technology can be applied with relatively high effectiveness in terms of precision and accuracy of medical related services delivery (Aspden & Institute of Medicine, 2006). The best known way for hospitals to protect patients from errors is by adopting technology called computerized physician order entry (CPOE). The physician or any other authorized prescriber enters orders for a patient on a computer that contains patient information such as key lab values, clinical condition, allergies, etc. The computer checks the safety and appropriateness of the order and sends it electronically to the pharmacy (Aspden & Institute of Medicine, 2006). In the Colchicine example, a good CPOE system would alert the physician to the misplaced decimal in the order, and the best systems would prevent the order from being written in the first place. In my mind, one of the greatest advances of CPOE is that it eliminates the need for pharmacists to decipher physician handwriting. I’ve often wondered how they do that. Increased awareness creation through periodic seminars would also address personal issues that contribute to such mistakes by

An analysis of a critical incident related to the care of a patient of Assignment

An analysis of a critical incident related to the care of a patient of a higher dependency who is critically ill - Assignment Example Most of these deaths have been shown to be preventable (Douglas and Elward, 2011, p.68). According to (Sheldon, 2009, p.104), about 52% of people suffering from asthma have been found to underestimate the risk of them having an asthmatic attack. As a nurse, I was involved in the care of a critically ill patient diagnosed with infective exacerbation Asthma (Heffner, 1991, p. 67). The patient was a 60-year-old woman who presented with shortness of breath and chest pain. The patient’s name will not be used in this reflection for confidentiality reasons and instead, the patient will be referred to as Mrs. A. In the provision of nursing care, communication plays an important role and nurses are tasked with ensuring the utilization of effective skills in communication. Communication is an effective tool in the transmission of useful information to and from the patient (s). Communication has been shown to be effective in speeding up recovery by reducing the number of complications developing from disease, reducing stress, relieving pain and alleviating the fear that patients may have regarding their condition (Arnold and Boggs, 2003, p. 52). In a study, Carpenito (2009, p.90) identified three risk behaviors that can cause an individual to get an asthma attack; an asthmatic not using their preventive inhaler as prescribed, not having an asthma action plan and an individual not paying attention to their worsening condition. In adults, asthma is diagnosed through the recognition of the characteristic symptoms the patient presents with, the signs as observed by the healthcare practitioner together with the absence of an alternative diagnosis to rule out the condition (Baillie, 2005, p. 78). The practitioner is required to carefully take the patient’s clinical history. Mrs. A’s diagnosis was done using this criterion. She presented with chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath. Peak Expiratory Flow was used as an alternative test to determine

Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay Example for Free

Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay It is known to us that energy become more and more important to human beings. People can not live without energy. They use energy everywhere, but pew of them can give a clear definition of it. Because of people’s widely use, the energy on the earth reduces steadily, people are trying o find the energy which can be renewable. Energy is the thing which has the ability to work. It can be stored or be a poverty of an objects motion. It can move from one object to another, and defines the capacity of system to do work. Obviously, renewable energy is the energy which can be used over and over again, from natural sources. There are so many renewable energy people use nowadays. For example, they use solar energy, the wind and the hydro power. From year 1981 to 1991, renewable energy developed very fast, and the following text may concentrate on the hydro power. Hydro power is the energy driven by water turbine, People always use it to produce electricity. The falling water drives the turbines, and the turbines in turns to drive the generators. Then the generators translate the turbines’ mechanical energy into electricity. The hydrologic cycle produces neither atmospheric nor the normal pollution. Hydro power has been used since ancient time, and is can be used for grinding floor and performing other tasks. In 1878, the world’s first hydroelectric station was developed in NORTHUNLAND, and by 20th century, it become the largest part of renewable energy all over the world. Everything has two faces. Though the hydroelectric has a lot of advantages, for its low cost and low pollution, still it has some disadvantages. In some Asian countries, like Philippines and China, people can see the hydroelectric production clearly by year. There are some hydroelectric stations which are typical in these countries. Like the Bela in Philippines and the Three Gorges Dam in China. What’s more, we can also know something about the development of hydroelectric in these countries. The following text will give more details about the hydroelectric production, the hydroelectric stations and the future development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. Body: â…  .Hydropower production by year Since the first Edison hydroelectric power plant begin to use in 1882, September 30th, (industry archive logy review, 1987), hydroelectric become fast developing. During 1981 to 1991, it developed very fast. It can be seen clearly that hydroelectric become more and more important in human’s daily life, and also they can see the trend of development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. In Philippines, people can get the information directly from the line chart that there was a fluctuation in it. It produced about 3.8 billion KWH in 1980, and had a tiny increase reached at 4 billion. Then it fell back to 2 billion KWH in 1983 and raised again. It has risen steadily from year 1983 to year 1986, from 2 billion KWH to 6billion KWH. Things looked the same from then on, but the trend is increasing. By the year 2003, the production of hydroelectric power was more than 10 billion KWH. After that, it remained steadily, by the year 2010, the production of hydroelectric was 9.8 billion KWH. Hydroelectric in Philippines takes 19% of all electricity consumption and the rate constant for decades. (Bronuyn-W, 1998) However, in China, the hydroelectric production grows steadily. It has risen from 80 billion KWH in 1980 to more than 300 billion KWH in 2003. People can predict from the line chart that it will be a more and more part of energy in Chinese electric production. It takes about 49% of all the renewable energy in China. (World Institute, 2010) Hydroelectric is very important, not only in these two countries, but also all over the world. In Democracy Republic of Congo, Paraguay and Brazil, hydroelectric takes 85% of their electric. In the USA, more than 50% of electric comes from it. That means hydroelectric really plays an important role in people’s life. â… ¡.Examples of the hydro electric station For the reason that hydroelectric really take a great part in electric production, there are some hydroelectric plants which are typical in Philippines and China. In Philippines, the AGUS-â… ¡ station may be the earliest one. It located on Lanow del Sur. The operator of it is National Power Corp. It can produce 3*60 MW Francis and still it can be used though it was been built in 1979. The BELEA, which is the biggest one in Philippines is located on Negros Occidental. It has been built in 2008, and can produce 1*39 KW crossflow. The operator of the BELEA is WINROCK international-preview Negrs. In China, the Three Gorges Dam should not be missing. It began to built when in December 1994, and was finish in May 2006. It is expected to produce 18.2 billion pound watts, and it is the biggest hydroelectric station in China. In 2008, October, all the equipment in the Three Gorges Dam were put into use. Evidently, it dose solve the electric-short in eastern China. Another hydroelectric station in China which usually be ignored is call XIN’AN River Station. It was built in 1957 and finished in 1960. It is the first station China designed and built itself. It has been working for more than 50 years and it can produce 1.96 billion KWH per year. â… ¢ .The influence to Environment and People Everything has two sides, no exception for the hydroelectric station. As stated in the previous paragraph, the hydroelectric station has some bad effects. Generally, the disadvantages can be listed as follows. For the reason there are so many hydroelectric station on Changjiang river, there will take it for example. The most direct impact of cascade reservoirs is that continuity of river is break. Though it may make people have more place for cultivation, it may caused some endangered species died out. It will damage the habitat of the fish even the HUCHO BLEEKERI, a kind of rare fish has already died out. The disappearing of the species may affect the structure and balance of entire ecosystem. In some places, to build a reservoir will make the effiency of water utilization, anyway, the flood and low-flow process of ricers is weakered at the same time. Because of that, some species which live based on it may be damaged. The construction of large-soale will produce obvious impact on the habitat since reservoir impoundment. Because of the slow down speed of the rivers in reservoir area, the water receiving sewage ability and self-purification capacity will reduce. Besides, many floodplain is submerged by reservoir, it will cause the problem that may farmland will lose. The hydroelectric station also has the influence to the climate. It will impact on the temperature, the rain fall and so on. Moreover, it may induce geological such as earthquake and landslide. â… £ Future development of hydroelectric Though the hydroelectric stations have some bad effects, anyway people now are trying to develop it. It has several advantages. It has the low power cost. It is known to people that many plants can service for 50 to 100 years. It is much cheaper than fossil fuels. It can also reduce the CO2 emission which makes contribution to alleviate the green house effect. And it is suitable for industrial application and flexiable to use. What is more, it also provide facilities for water sports, and some plants even become tourist attractions themselves. In all, people are coming to realize the importance of hydroelectric. They have begun to try their best to develop it. It can be predicted that the hydroelectric will develop faster and faster, not only in Philippines or China, but also around the world.

The Role Of The Chorus In Sophocles English Literature Essay

The Role Of The Chorus In Sophocles English Literature Essay The Chorus plays a crucial role in the overall development of any Greek tragedy; they are responsible for providing the overall background and summary information of the play, alongside they interact with characters to develop the personalities of characters and drive the plot. However, both Sophocles and Aeschylus slightly adjust their attributes and overall significance in their plays. Through the explicit analysis of the function of the chorus, I hope to shed light on the similarities and differences in their duty within the respective plays. Right from the start in Antigone, it is clear that the chorus is composed mainly of male elders [that] represents the point of view of an average section of society, representing the extent of the patriarchal society in which the play is set and Antigone despised. However, it did automatically credit the chorus for the information and words of wisdom passed on because the elders themselves were once warriors and fought in battles in the past however with age they are limited to demonstrating their skills in words. As such, from the start of the play they can be seen to take on the role of advisors to King Creon. Throughout the play, the chorus can be seen responding to Creons actions as seen in line 204 when the Chorus states that No one is such a fool that he is in love with death, explaining to the King that no human would be foolish enough to defy the words of Creon, thus the act of burying must have been the God will. The Chorus is the first to suggest to Creon the religious implications of the dispute in regards to Polyneices and try to moderate between Haemon and Creon, however they are merely ignored and turned away from Creon; it is not only till Creon feels confused and distressed that the Chorus is able to uphold and be taken seriously. As such, the Chorus seems to prefer a cautious, discreet approach to matter, quite in contrast to the individualist, tragic heroism of the main character, Antigone in other words, the chorus has its continuous share in the drama, and has, in one way or another, its contribution to make, due regard being paid to its somewhat indefinite power. Indeed, this approach taken by the Chorus is vital in driving the plot of the play, as In addition, at first glance the chorus in Antigone may be misinterpreted as being fragile and feeble; indeed, it only seem to echo the commands and desires of King Creon, and does not stand up for themselves and take position with the rebellious Antigone. This is not an accident on Sophocles behalf. As observed throughout the play, the purposeful yielding as demonstrated by the chorus further enhances the impression of imperative nature of Creon against Antigone and the rest of the Greek population. From the above, it is clear that the Chorus plays a major role in the overall development of Antigone. Indeed, without the presence of the characteristic catalyst of the Chorus, Creon would never have changed is personality which would have led to the ultimate condemnation and death of Antigone the inevitable tragedy of the heroine. In Aeschylus Agamemnon, the Chorus can be seen to be acting as the narrative pendulum with time, interchanging between the past and present. This is in particular seen in the Parados where the Chorus creates a delaying effect; the storyline heads backwards rather than forwards in time, unlike the Watchmans speech which is substantially set in the present. The chorus in Agamemnon is composed mainly of old men fathers of sons who fought and died at the Battle Troy. The status of having fought in past battles and being able to recall the events bestows them with a form of credibility and ascendancy as old age leaves me fit for bravery only in song, which contracts their physical state physically unable to fight due to age. However, despite this physical disability they remain mentally strong and thus when it comes to advising Agamemnon the Chorus retains their confidence, unlike the Chorus in Antigone. However, quite in contrast, the Chorus in Agamemnon were born to sorrow. Indeed, such feeling of grief originates from the continuous agitation of their king, King Agamemnon. There are numerous reasons for the Chorus sorrow they believe that he has demonstrated disrespect and audacity against the Greek gods, know of the Kings refusal of an offer of alliance from his enemies from Argos and guiltily acknowledge that they themselves suggested adverse thoughts against Agamemnon. From such descriptions one can easily attest and justify the corruption and feebleness of the king. However, the victory in the expedition to Troy acted as a major counterweight against such negative portrayal and can be instead be seen as the agent of Zeus and the leader of a crusade to enforce Zeus justice. With such contradictions, it was inevitable for the chorus to become disarray when allegorizing and illustrating Agamemnon. Indeed, he was, in present, a national hero; his success in Troy has resulted in t he ever-increasing abundance and happiness for the Greek empire, almost as if Zeus himself showed respect to him. However, in his past, the wrongs which he has committed are too severe to be simply disregarded. Thus, the first difference between the role of the chorus appears: in Agamemnon, the chorus seems to, in addition to providing the basic historiography to set the scene, examine the happenings of the past and then make a general statement of the will of the gods as seen in these events in other words, they ponder on throughout the entire play as to whether Agamemnon is a good king or not. In addition, one may argue that their [the Chorus] wisdom seems apparent in their recognition of the justice inherent in the world. Indeed, throughout the novel Aeschylus purposely sets out the scenario such that an act of justice just further adds and enhances the injustice already present, where the narration and interpretation of such events affects the audience, urging them to consider the ethical conflict, engaging them into emotional involvement of the play. Aeschylus uses the Chorus to repeat several key words to help emphasize certain points to reveal the poets intent. As seen through the repetition of Zeus and telos two words which Clytamnestra continuously repeats in her prayers the theme of justice is integrated in the play. This adds to the tension, as to whether the ruling and authority of King Creon overrules that of the Gods. In comparison to Antigone, the Parados in Agamemnon is very long, but Aeschylus makes it vivid by using symbolism, similes and descriptive imagery. He divides the ode into chronological sections to help the audience focus on the narrative of the play, from the setting of the play, especially the abduction of Helen and the anger of the Gods to omens and sacrifice of Iphigenia. In varying the pace and rhythm of these sections Aeschylus highlights the choruss tone and their reaction to certain events; for example the metaphorical abduction of Helen and Zeuss anger over the betrayal of Menelaus hospitality. In conclusion, it is apprehensible that the role of the chorus in Antigone and Agamemnon share some similarities; they play crucial roles in enlightening the audience with the necessary background information thus setting the scene, and also developing the plot of the texts. Furthermore the Chorus in both texts reflects on many important aspects of Greek life Gods, omens, prophecies, sacrifices and justice this legal imagery is important in the play because it relates to Greek society. However, their roles differ in the two plays in such way that whilst in Antigone the chorus cowers from the King which in effect amplifies the tyrannical image of Creon and thus stirs up the audience sympathy with Antigone, whilst in Agamemnon the Chorus seem to analyze the good and bad of Agamemnon and provoke the audience to determine as to whether he is an honourable king.

The Dramatic Monologues of Robert Browning Essay -- Poetry Dramatic Mo

The Dramatic Monologues of Robert Browning Consider the range of characterisation in Browning’s dramatic monologues and the poetic methods he employs to portray his speakers. Some are written in rhyming verse, use metaphors, et cetera, but for what reason? What is the writer trying to achieve and how successful is he? Robert Browning (1812-1889) was an English poet noted for his mastery of dramatic monologue. He was born in London, the son of a wealthy clerk at the bank of England, he received scant formal education but had access to his father’s large library of about 6,000 volumes. Though initially unsuccessful as a poet and financially dependent on his family until well into adulthood Browning was to become a celebrated Victorian poet. In some of his finest works people from the past speak their thoughts and reveal their lives to the reader through the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? The poems I will be taking into account will be: ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ from Dramatic Lyrics, 1842 ‘The Laboratory’, 1844 ‘My last Duchess’, from Dramatic Lyrics, 1842 ‘Andrea del Sarto’ from Men and Women, 1855 ‘Fra Lippo Lippi’ from Men and Women, 1855 All these poems are presented from the viewpoint of an individual explaining their actions. The speakers all consider their actions justified, though only Fra Lippo Lippi has reason to explain himself to anyone. These poems use different poetic methods to form the character of the speaker. The rhyme schemes vary from obvious, as in the rhyming couplets of ‘The Laboratory’, to subtle, as in ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ to an absence of a rhyme scheme as in the blank verse of ‘Andrea del Sarto’. Also there are many uses of alliteration, assonance, enjambment and onomatopoeic words to draw our att... ... beauty’ though Andrea is presumably referring to her curves and suppleness of youth the serpent is also widely recognised as a manipulative and deceitful. A true master of the arts would be expected to have a better imagination and grasp of imagery. This poem also particularly demonstrates Browning’s mastery of dramatic monologues as he has written in blank verse and written in the tone of a dull and lifeless man but still creates a deep dramatic monologue that reveals a lot more through it’s poetic methods employed in it than the speaker actually tells us. The way such different portrayals are formed of each character show us how successful Browning has been in using different poetic methods to convey each characterisation as a lot can be established simply from the rhythm and rhyme scheme of the poem and other poetic methods used before even analysing the speaker.

various forms of obscenity :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In order to narrow down the focus of my research, this paper will briefly discuss what is considered obscene and the different ways in which obscenity will manifest itself. Obscenity law aims at punishment for thoughts provoked or preventing the formation of certain thoughts, typically, erotic ones in the minds of willing viewers but not for overt acts, nor for antisocial conduct. Although the United States Constitution protects the freedom of speech, the First Amendment was not intended to protect every utterance. In addition, many United States Supreme Court cases have consistently held that there are narrow categories of speech that are not protected by the First Amendment. These include obscenity, child pornography, inciting to riot, libel, false advertising, perjury, contempt of court, harassment, threats, copyright infringement and invasion of privacy. Thus, obscenity is not protected speech but a crime. Although the definition of obscenity is not sufficiently clear, the United States Supreme Court provided a workable attempt in defining what is obscene. In 1973, in the landmark case of Miller v. California the Court held that before any material can be determined obscene, a three-prong test must be met: 1) determine whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find the work taken as a whole appealing to prurient interests; 2) whether the work describes in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law; and 3) whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. Further, obscenity can manifest itself in different forms. It can manifest itself in conduct, pictorial representation of conduct, and in the written and oral description of conduct, with each method of expression presenting its own problems. These manifestations are more commonly seen in the literary form; speech; motion picture; artistic work; and now internet pornography. In determining whether a book is obscene, the Miller test tells us that the material must be considered as a whole and not judged by its vulgar and indecent paragraphs alone. In addition, a book may be indecent and obscene, no matter how humorous, or satirical.

Earth :: Essays Papers

Earth I heard of this place not too long ago. I can’t quite remember what it was called. It is a place where it is forever dark and it is ruled by something or someone extraordinarily powerful. In this place, humans walk alongside with gargoyles, beasts and ogres where humans are the inferiors. There is no sun or stars or moon, nor is there day or night. There is no democracy. Humans are the slaves and are treated like animals, men and women alike. Humans aren’t allowed to speak out, Laugh or even smile or they will be severely punished. They live in a nightmare society. The land is engulfed in darkness. There is no electricity, no roads, no transportation, no houses, no communication, no nothing. There is fire. That is all they have to bring light to the place. The beasts live in giant homes or shelters made of anything they can find. The beasts are absolutely horrid creatures. They are nothing like you or I have ever seen before, not even in horror films. They are not like anything you could ever even imagine. Their faces are mangled and deformed. They are decrepit figures who do not walk but drag themselves from place to place. Humans do not roam freely. They are shackled together by long chains that go on forever. They are pets. They do not get shelter and they barely receive enough food or water to survive. They are given the rotten leftovers and bones to pick at. When I speak of bones, I am talking about human bones. Not the bones of pig or cow, they do not exist. The beasts find humans very useful indeed. They believe that humans are extremely simple-minded which, in result, makes them good slaves. They tend to the crops and pick the fruit, which is all done in a very specific manner. If it is not done correctly, those slaves will be thrown into the pit. Humans are used to pull wagons and sleds. They build all of the huts and shelters needed for the beasts. They cook and clean and are used as personal slaves as well, if you know what I mean. When the humans become too old to use for physical labor, they are either eaten by the beasts or thrown to the pit for the rest of their lives. The beasts are very intelligent creatures. They would never want to run out of humans, so they had cages made.

Quality and Risk Scenario Essay

The HIM professional can have a direct impact on the quality or compliance of specific operations or employees within a healthcare institution. Healthcare institutions, such as hospitals, can be huge institutions made up of hundreds or even thousands of treatment or operation specific areas operation. This can include anything from the surgeon who performs coronary artery bypass to the neonatal intensive care nurse who directly cares for struggling newborns to the physical plant worker who makes sure all the lights in the building stay on and the operating room is maintained at a certain temperature. As an overall institution the thought of identifying risk and liability within the organization can be quite overwhelming and daunting. The best way to approach this is to break things down into specific issues or areas and focus on one thing at a time, with the overall goal to be improving quality and reducing risk to the institution. This paper will focus on three specific scenarios that represent an area of risk and liability for the institution. These three scenarios will include the safety of blood transfusions within a hospital, dealing with power failure risks within a hospital and using operational checklists to improve employee efficiency, consistency and reducing the human factor of making mistakes. Scenario one is to be specific to a scenario involving patient care and safety. The specific discussion here will be the use of blood transfusions within the hospital setting. This is a procedure that has been done for dozens of years even as medical science has made tremendous progress. The reality is that science just hasn’t found a synthetic way to carry oxygen through the blood stream and blood infusions still remain today the best way to do just that. While the best procedure out there for this, blood infusions don’t come without their risks and financial impacts. A study by the University Healthcare Consortium analyzed over 29,000 blood transfusions over a 7 year period from 2003-2009 (Williams, 2011). These transfusions ranged anywhere from scheduled routine outpatient surgeries to unexpected traumatic injuries brought in through the emergency room. The analysis identified many risks associated with blood transfusions, including poorly trained staff, lack of trained staff, minor hemolytic allergic reactions all the way up to severe anaphylactic reactions. The study was even able to identify that the time of day that the transfusion was performed could positively or negatively affect the patient outcome. So, while this can be a lifesaving procedure a blood transfusion should not be taken lightly. Another study published in the April, 2012 issue of the professional journal Anesthesiology was conducted by Johns Hopkins Hospital analyzing the outcomes of over 3000 patients who received blood transfusions. This study reveals that measuring the hemoglobin level in patients can be an accurate indicator of when a patient should receive a blood transfusion. This is a significant study because it could have a positive effect on both patient outcome and the financial costs involved in giving a blood transfusion. The Johns Hopkins study revealed that patients were being given blood transfusions when they really didn’t need it. A normal hemoglobin level ranges between 12-14 and the study reveals that a level as low as 7 or 8 is safe. Prior to this study the leading specialty societies, including the FOCUS research group (Functional Outcomes in Cardivascular patients Undergoing Surgury), set parameters that transfusions were definitely needed if the hemoglobin was below 7 and probably did not need a transfusion if the hemoglobin was 10 or above. But nobody ever set any parameters on what to do if the hemoglobin ranged between 7 and 10. This left the physician to decide when to start a blood transfusion. The Johns Hopkins study revealed that because of this most physicians always erred in the side of â€Å"safety† by ordering a transfusion any time the hemoglobin was at or below 10. But the Hopkins study has now determined that a hemoglobin of 7 or 8 can be considered safe. Giving blood to patients who have a hemoglobin above 7 shows no real benefit and truth is that the risk due to side effects may actually be increased. Remember that this procedure has been in place for decades and this new research was a game changer. The benefits to a hospital from the Hopkins study are tremendous. The study revealed that the costs to the hospital for one unit (300ml) of blood can cost as much as $1,100. While the donor gives the blood for free it must be analyzed for toxic diseases including Hepatitis and HIV (IMVS 2012). The blood is then separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma, to be distributed specifically where needed. Include the storage and transportation costs and you can start to understand why blood is so expensive. Only giving blood when truly indicated has been shown to reduce the use of blood by up to 66% per institution with no change in outcomes to the patient including â€Å"length of stay, heart attack, stroke, death, and even the ability to walk† (Clark, 2012). This is where the HIM professional can come into play. The HIM can take research articles like this or even acquire their own research and then do training to educate the hospital staff. The Hopkins tudy indicated that when the HIM spoke directly with the surgeons and showed them the research there was a tendency to accept the new mindset and start delaying blood transfusions until the patient hemoglobin dropped below 7. This resulted in extra blood supply for those patients who truly need it and a significant reduced operating cost to the institution. It’s the HIM’s job to establish or change procedures that reflect changing and beneficial modalities and to get the information out to the hospital physicians and staff so they can help reduce institutional costs and ultimately benefit their own livelihood. This process can be done for hundreds or even thousands of processes currently in place within a hospital institution. Now we move on from our blood transfusion scenario to one involving the infrastructure of the hospital. The specific example to be used here is the hospital power supply. Hurricane Sandy revealed for many healthcare institutions in the north eastern United States that they were not as prepared as they thought. Some of these hospitals did have emergency generators in place, but they did no good for providing electricity when they were located in the basement of the building submerged in water from the flood. Sometimes it takes a real catastrophe for us to truly see how prepared we really are and how to improve. It’s crucial that a hospital be able to maintain electricity at all times. Almost every part of the building depends on electricity for staff to function and take care of their patients. Without electricity the lights won’t work, the furnace and air conditioners won’t work, the pumps won’t pump water through the pipes, ventilators will stop working and elevators won’t even be able to transfer sick patients between floors. These are some examples, but surely you can find many more failures if you look hard enough. For this reason, it is important that a hospital evaluate and have a plan in place to reduce the possibility of losing electricity and also have a plan in place if all safe guards fail. The concerns can truly be specific to a geographic area. For example, a hospital in the Midwest may not have to worry much about being hit by a hurricane, but it could be hit by a tornado. I spoke with hospital administrator Robyn Mazzolini at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital in Park Ridge, Illinois regarding how their hospital has addressed the issue of maintaining electricity to the facility. Robyn indicated that there were three specific issues of highest concern. They included the loss of power from the local utility company, flooding of the existing generators in the basement of the main hospital and damage from tornados. Robyn indicated that about ten years ago the hospital installed a generator in the basement of the main building that is capable of providing power to the entire ten story hospital, including all lights and HVAC. The problem was that the unit was very large and heavy and, as a result, had to be installed in the basement. A second generator was installed right next to the first to act as a backup generator should they lose power from the power company. These generators are also designed to operate on both natural gas or stored gasoline in the event the gas lines become compromised. This seemed to solve 90% of the scenarios that could come up. Then the neighboring community experienced a flood that shut down utilities for days and a few weeks in some areas. The hospital was concerned that they would be shut down in the event of a flood in their generator rooms in the basement. So, they added a third generator inside a remote area on the south perimeter of the hospital. This generator is located inside a concrete structure three floors above ground level. This is a smaller generator that will run specific areas in order for the hospital to stay functional. For example, this generator only supplies certain lights so that there is always enough visibility to operate. It also is designed to operate all electronics in the operating rooms, emergency room and critical care areas so there is no compromise to patient care. On the remaining medical floors there is one or two red colored electric outlets that operate off this third generator. In addition, this generator is not connected in any way to the basement level so that it can power the upper floors of the hospital even if the ground level is buried under 20 feet of water. The third generator is also enclosed in walls of reinforced concrete with the thought that it could withstand a tornado. It was the HIM and the HIT who were involved in the process to help determine the essential power needs of the hospital. The HIM evaluated the staff and the various facilities to determine that they could function treating most patients as long as there was one dedicated outlet within each patient room. The HIT also identified that the operating rooms, critical care areas and emergency room pretty much needed full power capabilities no matter what. The HIM and facilities managers both have a critical role in communicating the needs of the patients, staff and hospital to the engineers, administrators and building designers. And while Lutheran General Hospital was able to spend millions to prepare for a power disruption and pretty much covered every scenario, they still need to be ready to operate should all power to the facility cease. It is the HIM who can evaluate the various areas of the hospital based on resources, staffing and needs to determine the most critical issues to address first in the event of a total power failure. This takes a lot of time and energy and is probably an evolving process as conditions and resources change. But, in the end, it is the HIM professional who is able to connect all the dots to help bring the best solution for the organization. The third and final scenario presented here is related to staffing and how the HIM can help reduce risk and liability when it comes to the behavior of hospital staff. Hospital employees by their human nature are susceptible to making mistakes or forgetting to do certain things in the course of their patient care. Every health care institution, and any other business for that matter, strives to find ways to provide the best service possible to its customers. The challenge in improving service and reducing liability is finding a process that actually works. Ohio State University Medical Center found a way to improve the quality and consistency of patient care from its medical professionals. Ohio State did created a system of check lists to be used by hospital staff in their particular department and area of responsibility. So, there were many different checklists, but each employee only had one checklist that they were specifically responsible for. The University compared the outcome of over 3000 patients both before the check lists were used and then an additional 3000 plus patients after the checklists were used. The results were staggering. The study showed, for example, that the surgical death rate of patients decreased 47% when check lists were used compared to none used. Surgical infection rates were found to have decreased by 45%. These are dramatic results that clearly show a huge improvement in patient care and reduction of risk and liability. A possible cause for such improvement is that using checklists prevented medical staff from skipping a stop that could have caused a serious complication or infection. The aviation industry has proven that checklists work. When a pilot has a sudden engine failure there is plenty of room for panic and impulsive missed steps. This is why pilots are trained to immediately pull out their check lists, even if they have them memorized, and go systematically down the list to make sure that all steps are completed as indicated. This following of check lists has proven to significantly improve survivability of the aircraft during an emergency. The use of check lists seems to hold true for the health care industry, too, as the data clearly shows. The HIM plays a critical role in the development and rollout of these check lists to the various departments. The HIM must involve the hospital staff, managers and physicians in the process of developing a check list that easily and safely covers the needs of both the patient and the hospital. Once developed the HIM must develop and take the time to train the staff so that they understand the intent of the check lists as well as the individual steps and why they are to be completed. This training will ensure that the employees buy into the use of the check lists and choose to use them consistently with every patient. Theoretically, this should provide the same process and the same desired outcomes each time. Besides implementing the checklist program through training the HIM also plays an important role in developing a policy that says how the plan is to be implemented. Employees appreciate it when everything is clearly spelled out of what is expected of them. The HIM is in a position to deal with both the hospital administrator and the front line nurse who is physically caring for patients. This allows the HIM to obtain feedback and recommendations from all involved in the process and create or modify the plan as it is determined that changes need to take place. The HIM is possibly also in the best position to analyze the data to present the findings of the continued analysis to administrators to determine if the check list process is working or not. An example of a checklist that Ohio State University Medical Center used was the Pre-Op holding RN checklist that ends with transfer to the operating room RN checklist. Each nurse has specific duties to complete with their patient as they prepare them for their surgical procedure. The Pre-Op nurse can follow the check list to ensure that all required actions have indeed taken place. When transferring care to the operating room nurse the pre-op nurse passes on her check list to verify to the next nurse that everything has been completed properly. Each nurse is also required to ask the next receiving nurse if they have any questions. As you can see, this process really does maintain a high quality of continuity of care for the patients as they move throughout the various areas in the hospital during their stay. Cutting corners and skipping steps in the patient care process is significantly reduced if not completely eliminated and the HIM or HIT professional is involved all along in helping to create and improve the process within that hospital. This paper only discussed three scenarios in the process of seeking to maintain quality while reducing financial liability within a hospital environment. These processes can be used and applied towards the thousands of specific areas of responsibility that exist within a large health care facility like a hospital. The HIM professional really does play a crucial role in connecting the various departments and providers within a small or large healthcare institution. The HIM is in a position to know the pulse of the front line operations as well as the upper office administration’s intended direction going forward. The HIM professional can pull everyone together to compile data and make recommendations or changes that benefit the patient, the physicians and nurses, the facilities operators and even the top level administrators. There are few other individuals who are in such a good position to create such positive change. Quality HIM professionals will be in demand for many years to come.

Volcanic Eruptions and Hawaii: The Dreadful Effects of Magma

Volcanic Volcanic eruptions and Hawaii: The Dreadful Effects of MagmaParticularsPage No.Understanding Vents2Home plate Architectonicss3Erupted Material4Hawaii and Volcanic Volcanic eruptions5Volcanic eruption History6Impact of the Hawaiian Volcanic eruptions7Other Side of the Coin8Precautions/Safety in Hawaiian island9-10Recommendation for catastrophe Management11Mentions12Understanding Vents Thevolcano wordis acquired from Vulcano, a volcanic concatenation of the Aeolian Islands of Italy whose name in bend is derived from Vulcan, the God of fire in Roman mythology. Avolcanois a crevice on the exterior layerof aplanetary-mass surface, like Earth, which permits volcanic ash, hot lava, and gases to dispatch from a magma chamber below the surface. Vents originate on Earth as its crust is divided into 17prime, house tectonic home bases drifting above a soft bed with high temperature within its mantle. Therefore vents are normally present in countries wherethis tectonic home bases indulge in diverging or meeting activity. For case, a mid-oceanic ridge, such as theRidge, is an result of diverging tectonic home bases ; whereas the Pacific ring of Fire is formed by meeting home bases nearing towards each other. Stretching and cutting of the home bases inside the earth’s exterior bed can besides ensue into a vent, e.g. , Rio Grande Rift in North America. Volcanic activities can besides be seen at countries off from the tectonic home bases and are known as Hotspots.Volcanoes in Hawaii are believed to originate from a central-mantle, 3,000km deep inside the surface of Earth. It is a rare state of affairs to happen a vent in an country where home bases slide over each other. Vents which Erupt have the ability to do threat, even in the countries non environing the eruption part. A threat like the ash of the vent can make a immense hazard for an Aeroplane specifically 1s with the jet engines, the atoms will liquefy at high temperatures and stick toblades in the turbine changing their formation. Huge eruptions cool the lower ambiance of the Earth but besides lead to hot temperatures at the upper ambiance of the Earth. Adequate grounds exists to turn out that the volcanic winters lead to black dearths. Some common types of vents are shield vents, crypto domes. Volcanic cones ( cinder cones ) , stratovolcanoes, super vents, pigboat vents and clay vents Home plate tectonics Divergent home base boundaries The formation of a new ocean crust leads to the separation of two tectonic home bases besides as the surface is really slender near these topographic points the stretch due to the tectonic home bases, consequences into fragmental thaw of the mantle, ensuing in volcanic eruptions. As these type of boundaries exist deep into the oceans the volcanic activities are normally undersea. Convergent home base boundaries The hit of two home bases leads to the formation of magma as one of the home bases increases the temperature of H2O in the submersed home base forming magma. Due to its high silicon oxide content the magma is vigorous in nature, normally the magma is unable to do it to the surface. But formation of a vent takes topographic point when it is able to make to the upper surface organizing an island. â€Å" Hot spots † Volcanic countries which are considered to â€Å" Hotspots â€Å" is the name given to volcanic countries believed to be established bynucleation of a hot stone inside the Earth taking to a nappy, vents turn inactive temporarily as tectonic home bases move across them. The Hawaiian Islands is considered as a consequence of such process. Though, many disapprove with these sort of unproved theories. Erupted stuff Lava composingMagma holding the silica content of more than 63 % is known as felsic. Felsic lava is a extremely barbarous and vigorous fluid normally erupted from big sized domes. Gass which get trapped due to its barbarous nature leads to immense pollution.52–63 % of silicon oxide content is known as the lava of intermediatecomposition. Normally formed by hydration thaw of peridotite this magma contains deposits and therefore silica content is lower than felsic.45-52 % of silicon oxide content, the lava is known as mafic. These lavas have high content of Mg and Fe and be given to be hotter than felsic excessively. Mafic lava is a really common sight in the instance of volcanic eruptionsThe ultramafic lava is the one which contains less than 45 % of silicon oxide content, it is highly rare to happen the ultramafic lava, it has been found merely one time till now and is the hottest one of all. Fluid is excessively hot and is besides higher in content of Mg and Fe compared to ma fic lava.Hawaii and Volcanic Volcanic eruptions Hawaii is a typical topographic point when it comes to geological universes criterions as it is cause by â€Å"hotspots† . There exist merely a few of hot spots on Earth and Hawaii has the biggest crustal surface beneath its vents on Earth – the Pacific home base. The motion of the home bases has resulted into the Hawaiian island and Kauai holding inactive vents stands to be the most elderly island of all, and is about 50lakh old ages old. The most immature and besides one of the active vents is the island which is besides known as the â€Å"big Island† which we all know as Hawaii with the lava crust less than a million twelvemonth old. Loihi is besides one of the active vents in Hawaii. Kilauea the most active vent in the universe is a shield vent covering 14 % of the entire island the south-east portion of the Hawaii. The local population believe the 1227metre vent to be the place of Hawaiian vent goddess Pele. From a normal oculus it seems to be merged with another vent i.e. the Mauna Loa whereas scientific research prove that it is an unconnected vent with its ain activities. The vent has 61 recorded eruptions harmonizing to the United States geo-survey and has shown uninterrupted activities since the past 32 old ages. Volcanic eruption History The local Hawaiian people have written about the extraordinary phenomenon of volcanic eruption manner before the worldwide diaries. Thomas Jagger is one of the great personalities in the geologists list to hold done the base research on the activities of vent and besides to convert the United States geological section to take deeper research of these vents though Jagger is an American geologist, he formed the Hawaiian volcanic research association before the Geological section merely with the aid of a local business communities. The Hawaiians have a long history with these vents who they consider as their Gods and have written about them in the same mode. They believe these eruptions to be the choler or sadness of their God towards them. The twelvemonth 1990 experienced the most devastation menace by the Kilauea as it destroyed about 100 houses including a church and the town Parkss. The impact left a lava filling of 15-24 meters on the town therefore destructing everything that of all time existed on the surface. A Person names jack Thompson was loath to go forth his place even after detecting all his neighbors and milieus consumed by lava near the royal gardens. It was merely in 2012 when he and his friend were rescued by a chopper as his house was consumed by the vigorous lava of the Hawaiian vents. Lava still flows continuously to the ocean harmonizing to an observation by geologists. Impact of the Hawaiian Volcanic eruptions About 3 lakh people have died due to a direct or indirect impact of a volcanoe in the past 500 old ages. The explosive eruptions of vents have caused a batch of these deceases. Hawaiian eruptions are quieter and hold more fluids. Near to 97 people have died due to eruptions in Hawaii. But the impact of these eruptions on the civilized society and their substructures has been lay waste toing. An full small town names Kapoho has been brought to land zero in 1960 eruption. The volcanic activities have besides destroyed the royal gardens and a small town called Kalapana. An full small town named Hilo with the population of 40 thousand people was under great menace in 1984 Mauna Loa eruptions. Fortunately the Lava stopped some kilometers before the metropolis therefore salvaging it from being one of the largest risky volcanic eruption in the history. Volcanic eruptions have about destroyed 200 standing constructions including national Parkss, Gardens and many places and edifices in the little town of Kalapana. Except of the short term impacts of the vents, the large concern is are the people populating around still healthy? Dangerous gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, SO2, and H2S are spread in the air through volcanic eruptions A Study by an helper professor of the Nevada Orvis School of nursing shows that there was a important addition in concerns and sore pharynxs with people coming in contact with the vent or life nearby it. Besides 56 % addition was observed in people describing coughs after an impact and 600 % addition in take a breathing related diseases. In long term external respiration in the surrounding of a vent such as life in Hawaii can diminish the life anticipation to a great extent and therefore is besides non a suited pick for people with take a breathing upsets. Other Side of the Coin The Geo-thermal power works which can be constructed near a vent is really helpful to Hawaii as they have abundant militias due to volcanic activities.the Puna Geo-thermal works contributes to 23 % per centum of the electricity needs in Hawaii bring forthing 30megawatts of electricity and besides has late increased the production capacity by 8 % . The Volcanoes in Hawaii have provided a batch to the comprehensive cognition of the worlds on vents. The research on the nature of these vents is one of the basic grounds why today scientists are able to understand and foretell volcanic eruptions, salvaging a big sum of of human lives. Thus Hawaii has presented an exceeding chance for the survey and research of vents and their behavior in general. Volcanic activity beneath the ocean has the ability to make islands such as Hawaii itself. Unique sorts of workss and animate beings evolve in these sort of islands, Such as the Hawaiian Flora.Thus Hawaii really owns its being to such results of volcanic eruptions. Precautions/ Safety warning Systems in the Hawaiian Island It is believed that Kilauea is a safe vent as it’s slow and the Hawaiian national park has provided proper guidelines at each risky zone. Although tourer non cognizant about the insecure environment and besides the type of tourer who wittingly break the guidelines lead to a large figure of deceases. There have been instances of people sitting on a stone of magma and taking to hurts due to tear in the stone as the interior was weak and was unseeable to a normal oculus. Populating near an eruption zone? Don’t worry you will be informed for emptying merely in clip. The USGS scientists have instruments supervising the rift zones every hr each twenty-four hours. The seismographs predict the volcanic eruption manner before as there has to be some activity, there is no such thing as a sudden eruption as the new engineerings can observe it several hours prior to the eruption excessively. During the Kalapana Eruption in 1990 the local population was informed hebdomads before therefore supplying them a batch of clip for emptying. The United States Geological Survey section has implemented assorted safety alert- presentment systems against the activities of vents. The watchful presentment degree is dependent on four degree qui vives and besides four levelled air power coloring material codification. The degrees are decided by the scientist by monitoring and analyzing the volcanic activities and along with their cognition and experience on the eruptions. The vent alert degree can be explained utilizing the colors and the four degrees which are normal, consultative, ticker and warning. These marks are spread through wirelesss and the air power coloring material codifications are spread out in the sky utilizing aircrafts to signal the population on the landDegreeAviation coloring material codificationInterpretationNormalGreenIt is normal as specified, therefore the vent has stopped break outing and has reached to an inactive provinceAdvisoryYellowThe activities have minimized in an effectual mode but still barbarous activities might regenerate the eruptionWatchOrangeVolcano is active and is demoing barbarous activities the tallness and ash exhausts degree are besides provided if possible.WarningRedVolcanic eruption is prevailing on a important degree and tallness of the ash exhausts and the degree is highly unsafe. Take immediate actions towards your safety.Recommendations for Disaster Management As observed throughout my research the USGS has already taken a batch of proper stairss against the safety of worlds during the volcanic eruption idea there are some recommendations which can increase the safety of the population. To USGS Awareness among the tourers: – During the research, It was found that a batch of tourers in Hawaii are incognizant of the safety jeopardies and the proper significance of the catastrophe marks. The decease and hurt rate among the tourer in Hawaii still exists and should be prevented. To Population Communication: – There are opportunities of the communicating web acquiring disrupted during such a state of affairs, therefore everyone should cognize whom and how to pass on during such a state of affairs Responsible Emptying: – A list of points should be kept for such unfortunate events -Significant paperss, Medications, Valuables which are easy to transport and nutrient supply for long term endurance. Normally people who are designated as absurd before the catastrophe sometimes are the 1s who survive it. Cipher is prepared for such a jeopardy that’s the lone ground it is termed as a catastrophe. A responsible and educated society can avoid immense loss of human lives during such jeopardies. Mentions Hawaii flora – Hawaiian flowers and workss. 2015.Hawaii flora – Hawaiian flowers and workss. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.to-hawaii.com/flora.php. [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . . 2015.. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eia.gov/state/ ? sid=HI. [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . Benefits of Volcanoes. 2015.Benefits of Volcanoes. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.universetoday.com/32576/benefits-of-volcanoes/ . [ Accessed 25 March 2015 ] . Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. 2015.Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hilo.hawaii.edu/~nat_haz/volcanoes/evacuating.php. [ Accessed 26 March 2015 ] . Kilauea Volcanic Eruption in Hawaii Threatens Village | GeoEvents | Earthscope. 2015.Kilauea Volcanic Volcanic eruption in Hawaii Threatens Village | GeoEvents | Earthscope. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthscope.org/science/geo-events/kilauea-volcanic-eruption-in-hawaii-threatens-village. [ Accessed 28 March 2015 ] . Danger in Eden: The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism | EARTH Magazine. 2015.Danger in Eden: The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism | EARTH Magazine. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earthmagazine.org/article/danger-paradise-hidden-hazards-volcano-geotourism. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] . Health Effectss of Hawaii’s’ Active Volcano – Honolulu wellness and felicity | Examiner.com. 2015.Health Effectss of Hawaii’s’ Active Volcano – Honolulu wellness and felicity | Examiner.com. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.examiner.com/article/health-effects-of-hawaii-s-active-volcano. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] . The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact. . 2015.The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact.. [ ONLINE ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/archive/2002/02_01_17.html. [ Accessed 02 April 2015 ] .

Marketing Excellence: BMW Essay

1. What are the pros and cons to BMW’s selective target marketing? What has the firm done well over the years and where could it improve? When I see someone riding in a BMW, I know that they must be making good money. The stereotype for people who drive BMW’s is that they are rich, and these are the people that the people over at BMW target. The pros to targeting the higher income population is that they will be targeting people who are more likely to purchase their product. Since BMW is known as a luxury car, people who have lower incomes are less likely to purchase from them. The cons to the selective marketing are that by not advertising to lower income people, they have nothing to be motivated for. Someone could see a BMW ad, and be motivated to one day own one. Since the market is specifically the wealthier incomes, the lower income population may not be as aware of BMW. I see commercials for Mercedes all of the time now, and I know that I can’t afford one yet. As soon as I’m able too, I plan on making it a priority to purchase a Mercedes. The firm has done a great job of improving its vehicle s over the years. They have added so many electronic features to its cars to stay up to date with technology. BMW also has come out with high-performance SUV’s for people with larger families and who are more active. To improve, I would suggest that they maybe create a model for the lower income population. Considering the majority of the population is middle-class or lower, there is a whole untapped market for BMW to reach. Read more:Â  BMW Essay 2. BMW’s sales slipped during the worldwide recession in 2008 and 2009. Is its segmentation strategy too selective? Why or why not? I would say that their strategy is not too selective. During the recession, everybody struggled. So to blame BMW for their strategy that had made them so successful in the first place would not be fair. I believe that their strategy could’ve actually helped them during that time. Since BMW is so selective, they are only targeting people that have money anyways. So money that they spend on advertising wasn’t necessarily being wasted.

Hall Cases Essay

INTERNAL CONTROL CASES 1. Solution Smith’s Market a), b) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) Access to the cash drawers by sales clerks requires more accountability. Each drawer is accessed by various clerks throughout the day and cash may be withdrawn by any of them. 2) The internal cash register tape should be used as a control to determine how much cash (including checks, and credit card vouchers) should be in the register drawer. 3) The shift supervisor does not sign for the specific amount of cash received or returned at the end of the day. He simply logs the drawers in and out. 4) The treasury clerk is unsupervised in the counting of cash. 5) The treasury clerk has asset custody and responsibility for recording sales and cash in the journal and General Ledger. d) 2.Solution to Spice is Right a), b), See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No credit check 2) Inventory control function is performed by warehouse clerk. 3) Accounting department bills customer, updates the AR account, and records sales in the Sales Journal thus reducing the opportunity to detect discrepancies between total sales and AR postings. 4) Customer is billed before order is actually shipped 5) Remittance List should be prepared in the mailroom 6) No journal voucher prepared by cash receipts clerk. 7) Cash receipts clerk does not prepare a deposit slip. d) IT Controls for Basic Technology System e) Flowchart of revised system Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. Upgrade stand-alone computers to a networked environment The internal control problems already covered that need to be corrected in the new system. 3. Solution to ABE Plumbing a), b) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No Credit check is performed. 2) The sales clerk closes the open sales order causing the sale to be recorded before the goods are actually shipped. 3) The warehouse clerk has asset custody and should not also update the inventory records. 4)The shipping clerk does not reconcile the stock release with the original order. This allows for the wrong items and or quantities to be shipped. 5) Customer is billed before the goods are shipped. Billing should be triggered by shipping notice. Instead, the customer invoice is printed from  the closed sales order, which was prepared before the goods were shipped. d) Flowchart of revised system Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. The internal control problems already covered that need to be corrected in the new system. A system configuration similar to figure 4-18 would be appropriate. 4. Solution to Walker Books a), b), See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses Sales Processing: 1) The credit check is performed by the sales representative 2) The sales department should not be maintain the sales journal 3) The warehouse should not be updating inventory subsidiary ledger Cash Receipts 4) Mail room workers have access to both check and remittance advices. This situation require a reduced span of control and separate mail room procedures for customer payments vs routine mail. 5) The accounts receivable clerk has access to both the checks and the customer accounts d)IT Controls for Basic Technology System e) Revised System Walker Books System Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment but should address the internal control issues already covered. 5. Solution to AV Safety, Inc. a), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No credit check is performed 2) Sales journal is updated before the goods are shipped 3) Warehouse clerk has access to inventory and also update the inventory ledger 4) Mailroom clerk has access to both the remittance advice and the checks, no remittance list id prepared. 5) AR clerk has access to both the checks and the remittance advices d) IT Controls for a Basic Technology System e) Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment, but should address the internal control issues identified above. 6.Solution to Premier Sports Memorabilia a), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) Transaction is recorded in Sales Journal before goods are shipped. 2) Warehouse and Shipping functions are combined. This removes control over picking and shipping the wrong products. 3) Mail room clerk should prepare a remittance list to control remittance advices and checks 4) Although not stated in the case as aproblem, the auditor should evaluate network access controls (passwords, access privileges) to ensure a proper segregation of duties d) IT Controls e) Student solutions to this part of the case will vary. The solution should address the control issues identified in part C. 7. Solution to Bait ‘n Reel a, b, and e, see pages that follow c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) The sales clerk performs the credit check this is a segregation of duties and transaction authorization problem. 2) Warehouse should not update the inventory and General ledger control accounts. 3) AR Clerk should not update the general ledger. 4) Billing and AR are combined. This structure will mask discrepancies between what was billed and what was recorded as a sale. 5) Supervision is needed in the mailroom because employees who open the mail have access to both cash and the remittance advice. 5) The cash receipts clerk has access to the assets (cash) and is responsible for updating the general ledger. 6) See 3 above. d)It Controls

Thesis Topic Effect of bullying in childhood on the future of a person Essay

Thesis Topic Effect of bullying in childhood on the future of a person - Essay Example Thus if there is a question as to if bullying behavior continues into adulthood, then from which age it continues will be question that will remain unanswered. Therefore, if any intervention is designed to change a psychosocial parameter in the school age children in order to prevent bullying behavior in the adulthood, that remains questionable since literature also suggests bullying behavior in the childhood is determined by may age-specific psychosocial parameters that can be changed. In other words, since isolation of influence of student age on the effect on bullying involvement and school climate has not been addressed in this study, this part of the bullying behavior will remain unanswered. While physical behaviors are overt, it must be remembered that relational type behaviors remain covert in school-age children. Some studies have shown that these covert behaviors are difficult to discern both by patents at home and teachers at school. Childhood relational aggressions are les s likely to be reported, while they are also bullying behaviors (Solberg and Olweus, 2003). Since prevalence of bullying in childhood is a relational determinant of the adulthood bullying behavior, accurate estimates of both are necessary to establish a relationship if there is any. Prevalence of bullying is highly dependent on the behaviors studied and how questions about bullying are framed and asked (Hawkins et al., 2005). Childhood bullying has been hypothesized to be a specific type of antisocial behavior that can yield adult antisocial personality disorder. However, there are cases of adulthood antisocial personality disorders which may have no bullying history. From the psychiatric point of view, the aggressive behavior in the childhood may continue similarly in the adulthood due to persistence of impairments of both the recognition of emotional stimuli and cognitive control of emotional behavior. Therefore, it can be argued that these problems may arise de novo in the adulthood, and if it originates in the childhood bullying is just a manifestation of this problem. The ignorance of social and environmental factors in development factors in development and continuation of bullying may turn out to be the most important fallacy in the whole proposition, and this study will fail to answer this, as to how these are related to future behavioral deviance (Mason et al., 2004). As this study shows, although there are aggression and behavioral problems in both the bully and the bully victims, there is a definite higher risk of adverse long-term psychopathologic outcomes trailing into the adulthood in cases of the bully victims. Studies have also shown that bully victim groups were more vulnerable for development of deviant behavioral problems in the adulthood. Although the findings from this study suggest that both bullying and victimization during early school years can be taken as public health signs of identification of subjects who are at risk of suffering psychiatric disorders in early adulthood, the causal relationship of both separately can be difficult to establish with the same rationale (Fekkes et al., 2004). This study cannot answer this question as to how

Homework # 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework # 2 - Essay Example There are several ways in which to impeach a witness at trial. Here, because the proceedings are criminal in nature, we would be dealing with the federal rules of evidence and also the federal rules of criminal procedure. Impeachment tools such as opinion, reputation and specific Instances (Fed. Ru. Evid. 608), is based upon opinion or reputation testimony. This type of evidence is only admissible after the character of the witness is attacked by evidence of any form. Here for example, since Ralph noted on his application that he never had an accident, his driving record could be introduced as evidence to impeach his testimony, the testimony being Ralph's application (which is considered to be a federal document because it is submitted to the port authority which is a government entity) and demonstrate that it was false, thus proving that Ralph has a propensity to lie. Furthermore, any witnesses on Ralph's behalf would be properly questioned in order to impeach Ralph's character for truthfulness as well. (Fed. Ru. Evid. 608). It is true that Ed Norton would testify that Ralph is a great guy and a terrific friend, but he has no business or employment relationship with Ralph. It should be noted that Ed as a character witness will be questioned about specific instances of conduct on part of the Ralph as the principal witness to test his knowledge on Ralph's character. Thus Ed may be questioned on whether Ralph ever told him about his high school suspension. It must be noted that any defense attorney worth their salt would immediately object to the question if at the time of Ralph's arrest, the high school suspension was over ten years old. This rule applies if more than ten years has elapsed since the later date between the following: (1) the date of the conviction and (2) release of the witness from the confinement imposed for that conviction . Here, it is true that Ralph was not convicted at the time his suspension for a crime related to it. One might first think that the suspension would not find its' way into trial however there are exceptions to this rule of evidence. Specific instances of misconduct that did not result in a conviction can be admitted for impeachment purposes if the scope of its admission is to demonstrate the witnesses character for truthfulness, in the discretion of the court the probative value of the question outweighs any prejudice to the defendant; the evidence is offered in good faith; the act has a direct bearing on the veracity of the witness with regards to the issues being litigated. It cannot be understated that extrinsic evidence of specific instances of prior bad acts is not permitted when their only relevance is to impeach the witnesses credibility. Thus, it appears that Ralph's high school suspension would be admitted at trial. It should be noted again that the trial court enjoys immense discretion so the ten year limitation may be construed by the court to apply to non convicted prior bad acts. For example, if Ralph is 25 at the time of trial, the suspension may be admitted, but if he is 35 at the time of trial, it most likely will not. Finally, we do not usually see this type of evidence offered unless the parties know each other. Fed. Ru. Evid 613, applies to the prior inconsistent statements of a witness. Here, Ralph is prepared to testify that he never said "That could just as easily have been your head." In examining a witness