The Role Of Media Essay Example for Free

The Role Of Media Essay Data is an incredible tool.â One who controls it can control the result of most occasions in society.â The media has this advantageous position to freely disperse data on everything noteworthy to everyone.â Politics, diversion, sports, wellbeing, recent developments, and government are the features of common society that the media needs to cover.â It has a critical job in every one of these viewpoints to transmit everything about data to the public.â In government, the media assumes a considerably greater job. Â It fills in as a scaffold between government pioneers and the people.â The media is entrusted with significant duties to work as supporter, instructor, and guard dog. As a supporter, the media assembles critical data about each activity our legislature is conveying out.â It needs to pass on the news with unequivocal objectivity with one significant objective carry reality to the people.â As an instructor, the media holds the obligation to teach general society on complex administrative issues.â The procedure and arrangement of government strategies and guidelines should be placed in plain words so most of the residents will comprehend.â This will engage the individuals and urge them to maintain their privileges and benefits. As a guard dog, the media examines each choice the administration makes.â It goes about as the eyes and ears of society contemplating all data and opens them to the general population for review.â The media constrains government authorities to be consistently responsible to the individuals who set them in their particular positions.â The media has not so much changed a lot. Consistently, it has stayed consistent with the mission it has set to undertake.â The meddlers of the past and the writers of present occasions have held fast and remained steadfast.â The media has withstood the trial of time and kept on committing its reality in the administration of the people.â It has a considerable amount of triumphs and disappointments.â The media has devoted as long as its can remember in the quest for reality. Works Cited The Role of Media in Democracy: A Strategic Approach. Specialized Publication Series. Jun. 1999: pg 3. Place for Democracy and Governance Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support, and Research US Agency for International Development. Paletz, David L. The Media in American Politics: Contents and Consequences. New York: Longman, 1999. Rasky, Susan. Illuminating Democracy: The Role of Media in Shaping American Policy and Public Opinion. USINFO-The United States Department of State. U.S. Branch of States Bureau of International Information Programs. 12 Dec. 2004. http://usinfo.state.gov/usinfo/USINFO/Products/Webchats/rasky_11_dec_2006.html

Total Environments, Health, and Safety Management Research Paper

All out Environments, Health, and Safety Management - Research Paper Example Representatives who are chipping away at the building site are exposed to a steady change in their inclination of work, blend of laborers and area of work. Considering the greater part of the individuals, development industry has most unsafe workplace when contrasted with different businesses (Broadbent, 2004). If there should be an occurrence of development industry, the idea of wellbeing society is generally a naã ¯ve idea. In any case, in late past this idea has picked up fame because of its one of a kind capacity of tolerating all the mental, conduct, perceptional and administrative components. Performing multiple tasks and focusing on more than one undertakings (proficient or non proficient) at a time bring about mishaps. While workers are playing out their obligations without wearing their defensive types of gear or simply chatting on their mobile phone, they place themselves in danger only just to make themselves agreeable or to spare time. To put it plainly, in development industry a large portion of the mishaps happen not because of the absence of aptitude, preparing and information however are identified with moderately poor dynamic abilities (Cooper and Phillips, 2004). The board, beginning from the people, who are possessing the most elevated situation in various leveled request, entirely through the low level administration (pioneers, administrators, managers and so forth.), and right down to the individuals working underway territory must draw in themselves in the consolidate endeavors to efficiently lessen or annihilate the odds of being presented to any of the perilous condition or circumstance. A compelling and fruitful security culture has following components: By creating and dealing with the procedure of wellbeing in a progressively powerful way, any association can decrease the odds of wounds, increment the mindfulness among laborers about security, can build in general efficiency and furthermore raise the assurance of the laborers. So as to check consistence, the

How to Write an Essay Report

How to Write an Essay ReportWhen you want to know how to write an essay report, you may find yourself overwhelmed with the options available to you. The first thing you should do is to determine what type of document you are trying to create and then to consult with a professional for assistance. There are many ways to go about this and each way will have its pros and cons.One option that may be appropriate for you is to create a report to share with a class or a group of classmates. An example of this would be to prepare a paper on which you would be sharing with your class about current events. This would make a great presentation as you can share some facts from the information you have gathered about a certain subject.Another option is to write a piece that is intended to be used for a school project. This could involve research on a particular topic or it could be anything else that requires you to work on a project over a period of time. A student would be able to use this to s how his or her ability in various areas that would benefit him or her as well as your school.The most common style for how to write an essay is the MLA style, which is a collaborative approach in which each writer is assigned a part of the document and has to come up with a version of the whole that they feel is appropriate for submission. Some writers even find this method useful because it helps them to maintain their individual style. It allows the writer to present a statement of facts that should be taken as a whole.There are a number of different ways in which you can present the facts you gather for the entire essay. You can include a summary on the first page and a table of contents in the body of the document. You can also leave out the table of contents and just include a more general outline of the topics that you cover in the essay.In this writing style, a strong thesis statement is the focal point of the whole paper. As you go through the document, you will come across two types of thesis statements: the first one being the more general one that outlines your major points and the second one being the more specific one that includes a section on the thesis statement itself. If you use the two types of thesis statements in the same report, it would make it a more cohesive document.The best way to learn how to write an essay report is to use an essay template. These are computer-generated reports that will help you outline your paper and give you some examples of how to write an essay. These templates are easy to follow and will show you the right way to format the content.You can learn how to write an essay report by taking online classes or enrolling in online writing programs. For a lot of people, this may not be the best choice. There are some professionals who do not find that taking online classes are beneficial because the pace can be slow, and even if they do it, there may not be enough opportunity to interact with other students.

The Effects Of Alcohol Consumption For 100 Current And...

Legislation reforms changing New Zealand s alcohol laws in December 2012 and December 2013 (New Zealand Government, 1989, 1999, 2012, 2013) were aimed at improving New Zealand s drinking culture and reducing the harm caused by excessive drinking, however alcohol has become more readily available in more places over the years. Previous studies have continued to look at whether such changes have made a difference to our drinking culture. The purpose of this report is to focus on the comparison of alcohol consumption for 100 current and past male/ female students studying the General and Applied Psychology with the Open Polytechnic of New Zealand. The primary purpose of this experiment is to utilise the information to produce a laboratory report that compares male/ female drinking habits and consumption for the last 12 months. It is hypothesised that male and female patterns of alcohol consumption are different. Also, there is a huge drinking culture in New Zealand, however, students seems to drink more, but how much do they drink. There are numerous articles that also support this finding. It is important to note that one standard drink is 12.5mls or 10 grams of pure alcohol, or one can or stubbie of beer, half a large bottle of beer, one small glass of wine or one double nip of spirits. The recommended amount of standard drinks on one occasion is 6 standard drinks for men, or 4 standard drinks for women. Psychology Students Alcohol Consumption 2016, Semester One.Show MoreRelatedA Study of College Drinking Essay examples1497 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristic that has been revealed. During the past ten months, research has become an essential basis in regards to college binge drinking and the effects said behavior is having on those college students who choose to over-indulge. Given the situation over the literature pertaining to college binge drinking and poor academic grades, it is important to ask if such research is assisting college students in proper alternatives when choosing to consume alcohol (College Drinking, 2005). In order for success;Read MoreThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping St1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Stress, Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Gender, Coping Styles, and Family Alcoholism on Alcohol Consumption Research Proposal by Josh Robbins 100-928-594 November 26, 1996 Economics 143 Abstract One large component of American popular culture today is alcohol. A common stereotype for the effects of alcohol is that as a drug it acts as a stress antagonist. This theory was introduced by Conger (1956) as the Tension Reduction Hypothesis (TRW)Read MoreAlcohol Abuse : A Serious Problem For The Restaurant Industry924 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol Abuse in the Restaurant Industry Alcohol abuse presents a serious problem for the restaurant industry. Restaurant sales now top $700 million annually (National Restaurant Industry, 2015). An enormous commercial enterprise wherein its employees interact with alcoholic beverages frequently sees many of its workers engage in the use and abuse of the substance. The problem creates issues for the businesses, the people who work in the field, and the customers who dine in restaurants. TheRead MoreA Short Note On Social Problems With Youth1551 Words   |  7 Pageshighest legal drinking age in countries that drinking are legal though at the same time, we have one of the worst drinking problem in the world. Why? Alcohol abuse are usually defined as having 5 drinks or more in a short amount of time. Some even drink so much that they can be diagnosed under the guidelines that they have mental disorder criteria for alcohol dependence and they are only teenagers. Researching this topic can let us understand and find out w hy is this happening to our youth and why. ThereRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Brain3698 Words   |  15 Pagescrash is drinking and driving (Chou et al., 2005). Alcohol impacts the brain by slowing down the procedure of receiving and processing information from eyes and directing actions, and the capability to function efficiently (Transport and Main Roads, 2010). Furthermore, it decreases clarity of vision, ability to see far and in dark, ability to make judgements, induce sleepiness and increase likelihood of risk taking behaviour. These effects of alcohol have a significant impact an individual’s abilityRead MoreHPV and Their Relationship With an Oropharynx Cancer Among Males and Why This a New Public Health Concern2255 Words   |  10 Pagesincidence rate of oropharyngeal caner. The HPV-related oropharyngeal SCC among men enhanced 12 times greater in past 20 years (Ernster et al. 2007). There is a declining rate in laryngeal cancer; however, there is sharp increase trend of cancer in tonsil and fairly st able rate in other HNC related cancer (Ryerson et al. 2008). However, decreased tonsillectomies in United States for past 40 years may be contributing to greater susceptibility of HPV in the tonsils (Ernster et al., 2007). This isRead MoreSample Lit Review on Hypertension11736 Words   |  47 Pages2. Literature review This chapter reviews the literature on hypertension and hyperlipidaemia and their relation to risk factors including age, gender, genetics, diet and weight, alcohol, smoking, lack of activity and co-morbidity. It also examines mediating factors including economic factors, stress/personality, medications, lifestyle modifications and complementary therapies including foot reflexology and foot massage. Finally, it reviews outcomes (quality of life) including physiological, psychologicalRead MoreTerm Paper on Drug Abuse Among College Students3776 Words   |  16 Pagesare more likely to have problems with alcohol abuse or with alcoholism rather than with drug abuse or dependence; however, drug abuse is also a problem for many students. Some students are illicit abusers of prescription drugs, while others use illegal drugs: marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, and other drugs. Peer pressure and/or loneliness or other factors may lead college students to substance abuse, although some stu dents had previously abused alcohol and/or drugs in high school. In generalRead MoreWhat Are the Perceptions of Domestic Violence Amongst Individuals Who Live in Western Sydney?6504 Words   |  27 Pageslikely that acts of physical abuse would enter the individual’s mind. It is essential to affirm that domestic violence refers to many forms of abusive behaviour, including emotional, sexual and economic abuse. Many individuals today, especially of female gender, are likely to have suffered from a form of domestic violence. A survey was conducted of 20 people who live in the western suburbs of Sydney, and results demonstrated both significant trends and variations. Certain trends included that manyRead MoreAnalysis of Building Brand Equity of Non Traditional Ways Red Bull11410 Words   |  46 Pagesare still leading the way. Red Bull has a firm grasp on the energy drink market, controlling 70% of it, and is still paving the way for the future of energy drinks. The following is an overview of the Red Bull Company and its competition within the current energy drink market. BRAND HISTORY Dietrich Mateshitz was traveling to Thailand on business when he came across a drink called Krating Daeng, meaning â€Å"red bull† in Thai. The uniquely flavored aided his jet lag from long trips (The Economist).

The Case Of Tyco International - 1264 Words

The Case of Tyco The objective of this report is to identify whether there are any unethical issues or legal issues existed in Tyco International. Moreover, we should be able to describe relevant ethical issues and thus apply the concepts into the real life example. Throughout this report, we can aware of the consequences of the unethical behaviours and also help us to learn from the mistake done by the leader In Tyco International. 1.2 Summary of the case Tyco Incorporated was founded in 1960 by Arthur J. Rosenberg, situated in Waltham, Massachusetts. In 1982, to strengthen the company, Tyco were divided into three business segments which are fire protection, electronics and packaging. Tyco reorganized the company again in the 1990s which included electrical and electronic components, health-care and specialty products, fire and security services, and flow control. By 2000 Tyco Inc., had acquired more than three major companies such as ADT, the CIT Group, and Raychem. In 1992, Leo Dennis Kozlowski became the CEO after climbed up from executive, company’s president, and CFO position. Kozlowski used an aggressive approach to gain acquisitions and mergers during his period as a CEO. In choosing the Tyco Inc. board of directors, Kozlowski only picked his own crony and composed the firm’s corporate governance system. In 1999, after a stock split, rumours began to spread about Tyco’s accounting habits. It was said that Tyco was producing irregular financial accounts, but it wasShow MoreRelatedTyco International-Case Study919 Words   |  4 PagesCase Summary: The case discusses the Tyco International corporate scandal that was realized in 2002 when the national television of the U.S. showed one of the most well-known chief executive officers, Dennis Kozlowski in handcuffs after being arrested for misappropriating the companys money and concealing information from the companys board of directors and shareholders. In 2004, the former CEO Dennis Kozlowski and former CFO Mark Swartz were accused of the theft of $170 million from Tyco CorporationRead MoreTyco International Scandal : Case Analysis3560 Words   |  15 Pages TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL A CASE STUDY Soubhagya Ranjan Swain(14B149) 1st Semester BBALLB ABSTRACT TYCO INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL Tyco international is the world’s largest maker and servicer of electrical components. Former CEO Dennis Koslowski, former CFO Mark Swartz and former General Counsel Mark Belnick were accused of giving themselves interest free or very low interest loans and also took money disguised as bonuses,that were never approved by the Tyco board or repaid.There existedRead MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1647 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Gupta Bhagirath, BUS604 Grand Canyon University Abstract Tyco International Ltd. NYSE: TYC is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Switzerland, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International is composed of five major business segments: ADT Worldwide, Fire Protection Services, Safety ProductsRead MoreTyco International Accounting Fraud Case Study1544 Words   |  6 PagesTyco Accounting Fraud: Tyco International is an organization with operations in approximately 100 countries resulting in its claim as the largest manufacturer and servicer of electronics and electrical items across the globe. Actually, the firm designs and makes undersea telecommunications systems, electronic security systems, specialty valves, and fire protection systems. The company has also developed to become a major player in the several other markets including adhesives markets, disposableRead MoreCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis1653 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Gupta Bhagirath, BUS604 Grand Canyon University Abstract Tyco International Ltd. NYSE: TYC is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Switzerland, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey (Tyco International (US) Inc.). Tyco International is composed of five major business segments: ADT Worldwide, Fire Protection Services, Safety ProductsRead MoreThe Price of Unethical Behavior: A Case Study of Tyco International1932 Words   |  8 Pagesmandate, the backlash is often severe. The Price of Unethical Behavior: A Case Study of Tyco International Historical Scenario According to Hellriegel and Slocum (2007), Tyco is a global diversified company that produces products and services in five business segments: fire and security, electronics, health care, engineered products and services, and plastics and adhesives (p.235). In the year 1992, Tyco International hired a new chef executive officer by the name Dennis Kozlowski. Seen by manyRead MoreEssay on Examining a Business Failure - Tyco1003 Words   |  5 PagesExamining a Business Failure: Tyco International Ltd.  ® LDR 531 August 23, 2010 Examining a Business Failure: Tyco International Ltd.  ® Many have heard the proverb, â€Å"A chain is only as strong as its weakest link.† This can be directly applied to business organizations through analysis of the three strongest and/or weakest links: managers, leaders and the organizational structure. These three areas provide the central core to any organization and are often linked to dramatic failuresRead MorePlanning Functions of Management1530 Words   |  7 Pagesset the organization on a detrimental course. This paper will examine to what degree different management planning functions impact the Tyco Corporation as well as factors that influence the planning phase. Legal â€Å"Tyco International, founded by Edward Breen in 1960 is located in Princeton, New Jersey and employs 247, 900 employees† (Tyco, 2008). While the name Tyco is synonymous with success and growth, yet little is known of the legal challenges encountered when planning a new product or alteringRead MoreThe Third Ethical Issue Of Tyco Case1695 Words   |  7 PagesThe third ethical issue in Tyco case that relate to conflict of interest is accounting fraud. Accounting fraud can be described as any act or attempt to manipulate the financial statement for financial gain. It can be one of the legal issues in this case because it consists of fraud which is unlawful in written law. The conflict of interest arises in this case because the auditors, accountants, and executives of Tyco International erode trust and their personal interest has greatly varied with theRead MoreTyco International: Leadership Crisis1629 Words   |  7 PagesTyco International: Leadership Crisis Case Study #14 Ethical Decision Making LDR Case Study Prepared by: Tyco International: Leadership Crisis Tyco International, one of the most notorious scandals of this decade. Tyco International is a diversified manufacturer that had a big ambition in the late 1990s: to become the next General Electric. The company provides security products and services, fire protection and detection products and services, valves and controls, and other industrial

Literature with the theme of self-destruction - 1660 Words

The act of being self-destructive does not just come to be. It occurs slowly and takes hold in individuals to varying degrees, contingent upon how ‘cold’ they are, and by their level of self-absorption and conceited desires. A combination of these characteristics can be discerned in each of the protagonists from the literary forms I studied. Each character is self-destructive, but the consequences of their actions and the number of people they hurt tends to magnify depending on how many of these characteristics they appear to demonstrate. What unites these characters is their ultimate self-destruction, resulting in the death of three out of four characters studied here. These four characters are Macbeth, from the play ‘Macbeth’ by†¦show more content†¦When Kenny then turned the gun towards Tub, Tub’s emotions escalated into fear, which had instant consequences for Kenny, as Tub reacted on those emotions, without thinking. Society can learn from these examples. Listening to our feelings and recognising emotions, should be something we are taught to heed. They are a prime source of information, working to keep us safe. Macbeth and Kenny teach us that strong emotions like guilt and fear are therefore important because they have the power to prevent repetition of cruel acts that have negative consequences. Becoming cold and callous, by blocking access to feelings, is an important teaching tool for society. An additional flaw that facilitates the destruction of the character’s self is the egotistical, conceited self absorption the protagonists Eddie, Ben, and Macbeth have in themselves. This is evident in Eddie Carbone’s inability to compromise when he finds his incongruous desires for his Niece threatened by Rodolfo, an Italian immigrant staying in America with the Carbone family to escape the impoverished conditions in Italy. As Catherine’s relationship with Rodolfo strengthens, Eddie’s personal desires and feelings towards Catherine become increasingly more obsessive and conspicuous. He voices his resentment and antagonism towards Rodolfo, determined to preventShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frankenstein By Mary Shelly1098 Words   |  5 Pagesmost popular formats for literature is a hero faced with seemingly insurmountable struggles who is able to overcome these obstacles and live ‘happily ever after’. However, some of the most famous books in literature have an extremely different structure to their stories. These books center on characters of questionable moral integrity, who through their own poor decisions bring about their own misery and often ultimate demise. When examined this theme of self-destruction can be seen in many of whatRead MoreThe Power of Self-Destruction in Shakespeares Othello Essay802 Words   |  4 Pageswriters known in English literature. Othello has been said to be of the most touching and intimate of Shakespeare tragedies. The source of Othello comes from Girald Cirthio’s Tall of the Moor, considering the modification of a few details, this was a manifestation of Shakespeare’s ability to take a reputable story and elevate it into poetic tragedy (Cahn 106). Othello is the story of love, deception, and power. Othello, an army general in Venice, comes into conflict with his self and social identityRead MoreSylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus1289 Words   |  6 Pagesdespondent and she co mmitted suicide by inhaling gas from her kitchen stove (â€Å"Plath, Sylvia: Introduction†). American writer Sylvia Plath had many outstanding works including â€Å"Lady Lazarus†. This work illustrates Plath’s use of autobiographical influence, theme, and style, especially her use of imagery. â€Å"Lady Lazarus† is an â€Å"extraordinarily bitter dramatic monologue in twenty-eight tercets† (Heaton). A female Lazarus that takes pleasure in rising from the dead several times is the speaker of this poem. TheRead More The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Teiresias in SophoclesOedipus Rex (the King) Teiresias uses his psychic abilities to foreshadow the anguish and destruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also responsible for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing dramatic irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. InRead MoreThemes of Midnights Children Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfinally exiled back in Britain†( Schrà ¶ttner). The novel includes many major themes that are not only specific to India, but can be universalized as well. Rushdie includes the juxtaposition of destruction and creation, and fate and freewill, as well as themes surrounding identity crisis and fragmentation. The theme of destruction vs. creation repeatedly appears throughout the novel. The most prominent symbols of this theme are Saleem and Shiva; the boys who were switched at birth. Shiva and his dadRead More Comparing Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market and William Wordsworth’s The Thorn1713 Words   |  7 Pagesto understanding the works â€Å"Goblin Market† and â€Å"The Thorn† is recognizing the common underlying themes of sex and gender and how these themes affect perspective in both poems. In Christina Rossetti’s â€Å"Goblin Market,† the main foci are on feminism and the oppression of women by men. The first part of Rossetti’s message is given through her thoughts on feminism, which is surely a major theme in this poem. For instance, the two main characters, Laura and Lizzie, reside free of any positiveRead MoreThe Southern Gothic Genre Of Literature1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe southern gothic genre of literature can be described as â€Å"plots involving violence or hidden trauma, eccentric and often psychologically troubled characters, and an atmosphere of repression and decay† (Oxford Dictionary). This dark, depressing theme found in literature is one that highlights the harsh realities that characters face in their own geographic area. It is vital for southern gothic stories to incorporate the theme of some type of external decay. In the texts Salvage the Bones and SwamplandiaRead MoreEssay The Rites of Spring by Modris E ksteins1028 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical, social and cultural climate of the early twentieth century. His sources were not merely the more traditional sources of the historian: political, military and economic accounts; rather, he drew from the rich, heady brew of art, music, dance, literature and philosophy as well. Eksteins examined ways in which life influenced, imitated, and even became art. Eksteins argues that life and art, as well as death, became so intermeshed as to be indistinguishable from one another. The title of the bookRead MoreEssay on Modernism at Its Finest in Literature756 Words   |  4 Pagesthe twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind’s conscience on how the world, mind, and language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In this time era, literature and art became a largerRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher : Poes And Dark Romanticism1007 Words   |  5 Pagesof the transcendentalists (Howard, 1). As consequence, its characters are prone to sin and self-destruction, since by nature, they are not wise or divine beings. One of the most representative authors of the current is Poe, who is usually considered as the one who inaugurated this current (H oward, 3). His stories are notable for his exploration of human psychology, particularly perversity and self-destruction: â€Å"They viewed the world darkly. Although some stories do contain elements of hope†¦and deal

More Than a Sport Essay Sample free essay sample

Brotherhood is indispensable for the development of most work forces. From concerns to athleticss. we all go through hardships in life. Most need a small push to give them that other initial measure to make their possible. Majority of others are born leaders in which they lead the blind into the visible radiation to see what honor that will harvest on the other side. Football is more than a athletics. it is an intuition built on edifice character and bonds that can non be broken. Pure silence and deep contemplation clouded the cabinet room as we prepared for the resulting conflict against our challengers. Simpson Academy. As our defensive secondary manager. Coach Raley. began to reexamine over our defensive assignments. I walk outside. The heat of the Sun on my face felt great as I walked to the football field. Hands in my pocket. I wander aimlessly around the north terminal end station glade my caput and reviewing over the address that I was fixing to give as the secondary’s captain. We will write a custom essay sample on More Than a Sport Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kneeling to the Earth. I rest my caput on my custodies and recited a supplication. After several proceedingss passed by. I returned to the cabinet room. Walking towards my cabinet I begin to strap on my equipment. After my teammates and I were to the full dressed. we all gathered together for a chant. After the chant I began to give my teammates a address about bravery. hardship. and brotherhood. After the address I looked into the eyes of every captain and teammate that stood before me and declaim this quotation mark from Ray Lewis. â€Å"You take five fingers. Individually. I can trap any one of them. but if I pin them together. it’s darn near impossible to turn this around† . We all raised our custodies as I stood in the center of the powwow and as we separated the reverberations of brotherhood bounced off the concrete walls in the cabinet room. Soon after our caput manager. Mac Barnes. gave us an emotional address and we all bowed our caputs hold oning one another’s manus declaiming the Lord’s Prayer. Lining up. the squad and I walked through the doubles door as we touched a commemoration of a former participant. Drew Denney. who died one twenty-four hours after pattern that was above the door. Troting onto the field. the crowd erupts with cheer interrupting sound dBs. Simpson jogs on the field to the sounds off hoot and disgust. As the cheers subside. the captains from each squad made their manner to focus on field with disgust and hatred filmed over their eyes. As the referee flipped the coin. we elected to postpone the kickoff. The conflict was about to get down. As the particular squad and I made our manner onto the field. I bury my cleats deep beneath the Earth as our kicker raised his manus and ran towards the ball. Prisoner of war! I jumping out of my stance go forthing spots of Earth behind as the ball spiraled downfield. Catching velocity. I made the resulting fierce tackle on the Simpson participant directing his helmet winging off at the four pace line. The crowd erupts. After Simpson’s three and out on discourtesy. they punt the ball. Our discourtesy makes their manner to the field. Quarterback receives the drama from the manager. gives the drama to the d iscourtesy. and stands under centre. Detecting the defence and doing his pre catch hearable and the centre hikes the ball. Droping back into his violative pocket. he scans the field for a broad unfastened receiving system and he finds one. Cocking back his arm. he launches the ball to the right out of bounds to a broad unfastened receiving system. Touchdown. the observer announces from the imperativeness box. The crowd erupts once more in a deafening boom of cheer. After that first drama. our discourtesy began to snap single-footing up 28 points in the first half as our smothering defence held them to zero points. After the halftime doorbell sounds. we make our manner to our respected cabinet suites. Excited and hyped up we run into the cabinet room with cheer and animalistic chants. Our manager. concealing his exhilaration. quiet us down and state us that we still have concern to take attention of. After the halftime celebrations. we made our manner back to the field to get down stretching and warming ourselves back up from being stationary. Simpson kicks the ball off to us. As our discourtesy makes their manner to the field. we are confident that we can non be stopped ; Unfortunately. Simpson had other programs in head as their defence intercepts a base on balls thrown to the center of the field to our running back and runs it to the terminal zone. Frustrated. I go to the out of bounds and state our discourtesy that we have to pick up our drama. The following several thrusts Simpson was ruddy hot from the field. Our defensive line began to pall as Simpson violative line drove them back and do our secondary choice up the slack. Missed tackles and blown assignments carried us into a deeper hole to delve ourselves out of. At the terminal of the game. the concluding mark was 35-28. Taking off my helmet in defeat and daze. my squad and I showed sportsmanship agitating Simpson teammate’s custodies. As we made our manner back to the cabinet room. heavy suspirations and emotions seeped throughout the full cabinet room. Our managers came in and gave us some motivational words to convey our liquors up. After the managers made their addresss. I got up and made my manner to the centre of the cabinet room. Angered. I made an emotional address about get the better ofing hardship and brotherhood. Bringing each one another up from a rough state of affairs and larning from you errors and how to get the better of those hardships if we of all time encounter them once more. After the address. I brought t he squad in for a chant and we went to our respected places. Football is non merely a game but. it teaches us finding and teamwork. You go through a batch of ups and downs and wins and losingss. You will hold to convey up some teammates and convey out the best in others. Your squad becomes non merely becomes a squad. but a brotherhood that can non be broken. In kernel. no affair what life throws your manner nor hardships and tests and trials that you may meet. remain strong and manner out the storm to see the rainbow on the other side.

Lab Questions Module free essay sample

In Spanish In the late sass? What was the reaction? Risky Martin shocked the audience by singing In Spanish at the 1 asss Grammar Awards. Eventually, the audience gave Martin a standing ovation for his brilliant song. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought it back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? Latin music came back onto the scene 15 years before Risky Martins performance with Gloria Sateens Conga. It gave diversity in music, and showed people the culture of Spanish people. How did the sounds of salsa change? Salsa music was toned down lyrically. Marc Anthony and La India were two of the most popular salsa artists at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Questions Module or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These artists brought together Latinist and Hispanics of all races into one form of music. 4. What was the influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music in the US? Risky Martin was the most prominent in the reign of Spanish music at the time. Liven La Vida Local was Martins explosion of Spanish flare Into American culture at the time.He was the inspiration or many more artists to mix their tongues of Spanish and English music at the time. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? Slenderer Lopez), Marc Anthony, and Risky Martin were the most well known artists who brought in Spanish Flare into American Culture. 6. Why did the Latin music Influence decrease? Latin artists felt as If they were Intruding Into American music. But on the other hand, Latin artists were transforming American music culture. . What was Regnant? Regnant was rooted from Jamaican Reggae and intertwined Spanish and Jamaican music. Those, whose genre was that, thought they were more on the Spanish Hippo side. Daddy Yankee was the most prominent at the time and influenced more artists at the time. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Latin/Spanish Music influenced the genre of Musicals and Rock. Junes began bringing Latin music into Rock music. In The Heights features Latin singers and lyrics with a Latin story line.

Tenskwatawa essays

Tenskwatawa essays History has not been kind to Tenskwatawa, otherwise known as Lalawethika or The Prophet. He is inevitably compared to his heroic brother Tecumseh and fails to measure up in both physical and moral stature. He seems hidden in the shade of his brother's name, whereas his brother would never have had the stature he received if it were not for The Prophet's religion of classical Indian heritage. Lalawethika seemed to be plentiful of both physical and social shortcomings. An unimpressive-looking man of below-average height, fond of wearing jewelry, especially small medals, which he hung from his pierced nose and ears. His most striking physical characteristic was his damaged right eye, which was permanently closed after he injured it with a bow and arrow. Lalawethika was not a likable person. He was not accepted by the other Shawnee youths and refused to take part in traditionally prestigious male activities such as hunting and fighting. As a young man he boasted of his abilities but seemed to lack anyambition. He attempted to compensate for his misfortunes but was only counterproductive in making a truculent, bragging personality that earned him his nickname Lalawethika (The Rattle or Noisemaker)" (p. 73). Two activities Lalawethika liked were drinking and talking. He wasn't as gifted a speaker as his brother Tecumseh, but he was nonetheless manipulative and forceful. Using these qualities he became a medicine man in Tecumseh's village. Lalawethika's transformation from a lazy drunkard into a powerful spiritual leader came after a dream in which he claimed to have been visited by the Great Spirit. He proclaimed his new name to be Tenskwatawa meaning "The Open Door." White settlers began to call him The Prophet because he said the gods had shown him the path to salvation for his people. This new religion called upon Natives to reject white culture and return to the traditional way of life. Tenskwatawa gave up alcohol and urge...

Australian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Australian Economy - Essay Example Figure 1 - Historical real GDP growth in Australia's economy The Australian economy is expected to see a rise of between 3.75% and 4% in the GDP for the 2011-12 fiscal year. However certain estimates see this prediction as too high given the current global economic climate (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Brinsden, 2010). The figure below speaks volumes of the success of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank in keeping the Australian economy afloat (Australian Government, 2010; Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010). Figure 2 - Comparison of international GDP growth rates The GDP of any nation is composed of the consumption (C), the investment (I), the net governmental fiscal spending (G) and the net exports (X – Q) which can be expressed mathematically as: Australia’s response to these components can be used to better delineate the response of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank to deal with the ch allenges in the wake of the global financial crisis. Consumption can be used as a major indicator of the economic situation. Australia saw an increase in retail spending of around 0.8% by volume between June 2009 and 2010 which indicates greater consumer confidence (The Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). However there is little denying that the global financial crisis made Australian consumers all the more conservative (Gruen, 2010) as the household savings rate went up by 1.3% by May 2010 (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010). Given that consumption growth alone is responsible for 1.5% of the growth of the Australian GDP, it serves as an important sector. The GDP also witnessed a boost in investment especially in the mining sector although the government’s new tax on mining was expected to prohibit further growth. The mining industry witnessed a growth in investment of 29% between June 2009 and 2010 which was around 50% more than expected (Pascoe, 2010). As an initial respo nse to the global financial crisis the government spending shot up dramatically but this was slowed down fearing: overstimulation of the economy; crowding out of private investment; placing a large debt burden. The GDP was positively supported by the net exports as the current account deficit first fell and then went into a positive trade surplus. The increase in net exports can be seen to result from increased demand for Australian minerals in the South East Asian market. Moreover contribution from net exports is expected to rise in 2011 as new capital investment is lowered into mineral operations that will remove bottle necks that affect production capacity (Stutchbury, 2010). The policies and approaches adopted by the Australian government since 2008 have been directed at handling the impacts of the global financial crisis. Macroeconomic policies have been specifically designed and geared to minimise damage from the global financial crisis. Moreover another chief aim of these pol icies remains the provision of adequate exit strategies that would be implemented once economic stability is seen on the horizon. The current fiscal stance of the Australian government is more towards contraction as the budget deficit for 2010-11 was some 40.8

Finance and risk management,Shipping finance Essay - 1

Finance and risk management,Shipping finance - Essay Example Financing the ship industry has always evolved with the prevailing market conditions. More investment has always been required in the industry above the owner’s potential to finance hence the need for banks. The industry has its strengths and weaknesses, there have been opportunities, and it has also seen threats. This paper examines the relationship between shipping financing and shipping markets, the major sources of capital available in the shipping industry, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) in the industry. The shipping industry represents a substantial percentage of the world trade. The industry is one of the most effective forms of transport and the costs are relatively low. It costs 11 percent and 20 percent of the transportation cost on roads and rails respectively. If the business is doing well it can have a high capital return of about 25 percent per annum ( Nizam and Ghanem 15). Shipping industry is also a dynamic industry; there is continual investment in research and development of new technology. This contributes to the global technological growth. This industry is cyclical and relies on the changes of the global market. This makes the industry to be uncertain. The industry also experiences a shortage of skilled labour and management because there are few people who are professionals in this field. The image of this industry is poor; people tend to perceive the industry to be archaic and therefore outdated. Vessels also cause pollution of the environment through emission of CO2 and noise. There are initiatives to make ships more environmentally friendly. This will make ships more acceptable. There is also a long term plan to recruit, educate, and train skilled seafarers. This will close the gap pertaining to lack of skilled labour. There is an initiative to improve propulsion technology of ships through building bigger ships, nuclear powered ships,

WAN Protocols Case Essay Example for Free

WAN Protocols Case Essay WAN Protocols are the standardised method of sending data between computers. The protocol will determine how the data is compressed, the error checking to be used, how the sending device will indicate that all data is sent, how the receiving device will declare its received everything. The WAN protocols are found in The Internet Protocol Suite. They are shown below in the diagram showing where they lie in the 4 layer TCP/IP Model. Sometimes, the TCP/IP protocol will be extended to include the physical layer also, but this is fairly uncommon and all protocols will work over all medias. Just like the OSI model, each protocol must pass the data down the layers to send out information and then send up the layer to receive information. So for example, the File Transfer Protocol will pass its data down to TCP which will pass it down to IT, which will pass it down to Ethernet which will place it on a physical media such as coaxial cable. To receive the data back, it must travel back through the stacks back to FTP. Each of the protocols on each stack will have its own set of tasks that it must carry out before sending the data on. Using this set group of protocols ensures that computers are capable of communicating between each other and therefore allows compatibility across devices. It is only when manufacturers stray away from these set protocols that compatibility problems will occur. Figure 1 The Protocols and their Relationship with the TCP/IP Model The OSI Model The TCP/IP Protocol suite does not directly map to the OSI model as TCP/IP relies on four layers and the OSI model uses 7. The top three layers of the OSI model map straight to the Application, Presentation and the Session layers of the TCP/IP Suite. Most of the protocols mentioned on this information sheet are found at the application layer of the OSI model; FTP, HTTP, SNMP, Telnet are all found here. The transport layer, containing UTP and TCP is the same on both models. The network layer is the actual Internet Protocol, as well as a few older alternatives such as X.25. The data link layer is the same and are the protocols controlling the actual transfer onto the physical line which is the physical layer that does not appear on the TCP/IP model as it does not care about the physical hardware. The TCP/IP Model squishes the top three layers of the OSI Model onto a single layer. Figure 2 Protocols and their Relationships with the OSI Model Evaluation of Protocols Almost all of the protocols of the past couple of decades are still in use in one way or another. Many have gained popularity as they surpass the capabilities of their older equivalents and some are a lot less common than they used to be. As the uses of WANs become more complicated, so must the protocols being used to provide the services expected. In general, older versions of protocols have been phased out and replaced by updated versions with new capabilities for the WANs they are placed on. HTTP is the standard method of transferring all sorts of webpage across the web. To do this it must reach across to servers to ask for data and then present it using whatever protocol the page is displayed in. For example, a HTML page must be displayed in HTML. A page linking to a zip file will require an unzip based program to handle it. FTP is an unsecured method of transferring files across the network. It is not considered a good method for secure documents to be sent as any security that has been added can very easily be decrypted and the contents can easily be viewed. All information sent along with the file, for example: passwords or destination are not encrypted and are sent in standard text. This means that anybody with access to the network could pull the file down and check its contents. It sends the file without checking with the other computer if the entire file has been received. Some clients will add an extra level on top of the FTP file that can calculate and check for file completion but this has to be enforced by both clients and is infrequently used. FTP is not really suitable for regular business situations. FTP replaces Simple File Transfer Protocol. Telnet is a method of connecting two computers together via a remote connection. Usually, the connection is aimed at a headless server. Once the connection is established using Telnet software, the user has access as though they are in front of that computer. SSH has vastly replaced Telnet because of its security problems across networks that are untrusted. Telnet is frequently used in troubleshooting situations where the required software is not available on both computers. Telnet is generally not used so much by businesses anymore as it has been superseded by SSH in most secure network situations. SMTP is a text based protocol where everything in the email is bundled together and sent. The email is sent to a remote server which pushes the email down to the specific DNS. It relies on DNS to find the correct domain name for the recipient and then filters to find the correct username at that domain. As it is a push protocol and not a pull protocol like POP3 or IMAP, it usually requires other protocols to work alongside it. SMPT does not however, have a successor and is considered a staple protocol in the TCP/IP Protocol family. SNMP is the network management protocol. It relies on a systems being managed by other systems. A piece of software called an agent runs on the user computers and this sends information back to the managing systems via SNMP. The system is designed to monitor available resources and to keep a check on how the users computers are acting. When this protocol was first developed i.e. SNMPv1, its role was simple just to simply monitor the network. It included no security or integrity to ensure that the data being requested was from the correct computers and hadnt been tampered with in transit apart from an unencrypted password and so was constantly criticized for its security problems. SNMPv2 improved slightly on this issue, and enhanced security was also added. The ability to talk between two managing systems also added the ability to check the integrity of the data being sent as it was possible to check past behaviour against new behaviour. The newest version, SNMPv3 which was released in 2004, adds this extra layer of security for managements piece of mind. This means that it is the securest version to date and is therefore considered industry standard with all old versions being deemed obsolete. NNTP is the standard protocol for reading and posting Usenet submissions. The last update was in 2006 and this further improved the protocol and ensures that it stays the standard method of accessing newsgroups. This protocol is popular with the types of businesses that require access the news posting sites these are particularly popular with computing based businesses. The IMAP protocol is capable only reading and so is not a viable alternative. X.25 is a packet switching protocol that predates IP. It is still found in situations where an extremely reliable system is required such as EPOS systems that allow businesses to take debit and credit cards. It is also popular in the developing world where it the cheapest and most reliable method of connecting to the internet. It is much slower than IP as it requires all of its packets to be received before moving the packets again. IP is the current industry standard packet switching method and was designed in 1981. It is a network level protocol that splits data into packets, addresses them and sends them forward. IP works closely with TCP to ensure that the data packets are received correctly as it sends the packets without ensuring they are received. All other protocols will work through IP as it converts upper layer data into packets. IPv4 is the current version in use, but users are being encouraged to move towards IPv6 as it allows more addresses to be used.

Columbine Essay -- essays papers

Columbine The tragedy at Columbine High School is something that will be remembered and talked about for many years to come. People from across the nation have all heard about this event. But there are still a couple questions that people have. For instance who’s to blame? The kids alone, the parents for how they brought the children up, or even actually the students at Columbine? Most say that the parents are to blame, but who actually knows? In my opinion the only two people that can actually answer this question truthfully are both dead. Everyone wants answers. Did the kids have help? Who was it? Who sold them the weapons and why? Why did they do this? How could they do this? I had a class about the last question. Who could actually go into a room and commit a crime of massacre in a school of people that you know and have grown up with? Most of our class thought that they couldn’t ever get enough anger to do anything even remotely as bad, but when you actually think about it, if you had no friends and where made fun of all the time. It looked like your parents, teachers, and even all your own piers where against you. I think anyone could snap and maybe even do something as drastic as this (Why at Columbine High). Did the boys, Dylan Klebold, 17, and Eric Harris, 18, have any help doing this crime. As of yet no one has true evidence that proves they did except they did find who sold them the weapons. Police found around thirty small bombs and one twenty-pound propane bomb in the school, enough explosives to blow the school into almost nothing. For this reason people believe that the boys either had to have help or they had visited the school many times to plan this assault. No one talking though and no proof has been found. Their not only looking for information from someone that could point to someone that had helped they’re also looking for someone that had known that this was going to happen, so that they may find the answers to so many questions (The Colorado Shooting: Who Helped). Besides many bombs the police had also found a horrible suicide note. â€Å"Your children who have ridiculed me, who have chosen not to accept me, who have treated me like I am not worth their time are dead. THEY ARE (expletive) DEAD. I may have taken their lives and my own - but it was your doing. Teachers, parents, LET THIS MASSACRE BE ON YOUR SHOULDERS UNTIL ... ...no one except investigators and policemen in the school the police finally let them in. Everyone had something to get or look at, since the kids all had to leave their book bags in the school. A lot of the kids despised having to go back to school where many of their friends were killed or even injured (A Sad Homecoming at Columbine High). As of now in the little town of Littleton, the people are decided rather or not to destroy the old library and build a new one, for over three million dollars. They see the library as a horrible memory since ten of the students were killed and that’s where the boys committed suicide (Library Approval Delayed). This entire event got worse and worse as I read into it. Before now I never knew what was written in the suicide notes that they had written, but now that I do it’s really unbelievable that a human could think up such a thing and actually do it. It’s one thing to think about doing it, but strictly another going throug h with something so gruesome. I believe all of us feel left out sometimes, or maybe just seeing everything go wrong from them and that everyone’s against them, but I don’t see it in anyone to take that hated to these extremes.

BASF Case

When we speak on BASF’s efforts to restrict stakeholder pressure, the stakeholders, whom we are referring to, are the town’s commission and its populace. The two primary efforts which BASF has made to resist their pressure are: assuaging their fears and subverting their demands.Now, BASF attempted to their assuage fears by claiming no third party waste would be brought to this new waste facility. They also claimed that all waste, whether toxic or non-toxic, would be incinerated and, thus, should pose no threat to the townspeople.Additionally, BASF released two printed volumes which detailed how the waste would be incinerated. And, repeatedly, the company assured the public that building the new plant would create jobs and be perfectly safe for the community. They proclaimed that there would be no harmful effect on the environment now, nor at any time in the future. On the subversion end, BASF used many techniques. They cajoled the county commission into selling the prop erty without requiring appropriate background data and environmental information.Also, they altered their proposal after submitting it to the town council, and the data which they released was highly suspect according to a local professor. They also used high powered lawyers in efforts to push through the land’s sale and to obtain the appropriate environmental certification. This certification would allow the plant’s development to proceed. All of these tactics were a subversion of the local townspeople’s trust and wishes. However, these have been relatively affective measures in resisting stakeholder pressure, and, likely, the plant will be built.

The connection between macroeconomic variables and stock price - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4590 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Over the past few decades, the connection between macroeconomic variables and the movement of stock prices has been a subject of interest among academics and researchers. It is often argued that stock prices are determined by some fundamental macroeconomic variables such as interest rate (Base Lending Rate, BRL), exchange rate, inflation (Consumer Price Index, CPI), industrial production index and money supply (M2). In fact, investors generally believe that macroeconomic events have a large influence on the volatility of the stock prices, which in turn motivates researchers to explore the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices. 1.1 Research Background The relationship between stock prices and macroeconomic variables has been widely investigated in scientific literature. Sohail and Hussain (2009) claimed that the stock market plays an important role as it mobilizes domestic resources and channels them to productive investment, which leads to economic growth in a country. It acts as a mechanism that facilitates flow of funds from saver to borrower. A well-organized stock market makes an attractive feature of issuing and investing in stocks. From the corporations perspective, the stock market allows it to raise funds by selling additional shares of ownership. On the other hand, it also provides liquidity to investors. In other words, investors are able to quickly and easily convert their securities to cash. A companys stock price is determined by the perception of investors on true value of the stock. Stock prices are also affected by all forms of company and market news. According to Asmy, Rohilina, Hassama, and Fouad (2009) as well as Maysami, Lee, and Hamzah (2004), the efficient market hypothesis suggests that efficient market is where new information about changes in macroeconomic variable is quickly incorporated into the price so that the current market price reflects all available information. Therefore, no one can outperform the market or earn abnormal profit consistently in the market. However, some evidences are against this theory and shown that abnormally higher return can be earned. The stock price is the primary indicator of a countrys economic strength and development (Shahbaz, Ahmed, and Ali, 2008). This means that when stock prices move up or down, due to demand and supply of stock prices, it can be used to predict the economic condition in the future. A rise in stock prices always associate with increased business investment which improves the economy of a country and vice versa. Stock prices have some impacts on economy as revealed by Enisan and Olufisayo (2009). Firstly, stocks ar e one of the types of people assets, thus changes in stock prices will affect the wealth of investors. A fall in the stock price, for instance, will lead to loss of money on stocks that investors are holding. They become more hesitant to spend money and this contributes to a fall in consumer spending which then prohibit the economic growth. Other than this, stock prices can affect the investor confidence. As known that stock prices movement always reflect the condition of the economy, a fall in stock prices, for instance, discourage investors from investing in stock market which can lead to stagnant of economy. Moreover, stock prices are also play an important role in affecting the investment in a country. A fall in the stock prices, for instance, makes the ability to raise funds become more difficult. Thus, this discourages those firms from expanding their businesses and making investment. As a consequent, economy of a country will not be improved. Most countries in Asia were si gnificantly affected by the Asian Financial Crisis during year 1997, and Malaysia has been no exception. The crisis which originated from Thailand had great impact on Asia countries especially in aspect of currency value. Before the crisis, Malaysian currency was pegged to U.S. dollar. At that time, as U.S. dollar was operating under floating exchange rate, therefore, the pegged currency of Malaysian was floating as well. Thus, the currency of Malaysia was greatly affected by the crisis (Daniel, n.d.). At the beginning of 1997, the Malaysian currency is trading at 2.49 and KLSE composite index was 1216. After the emergence of the crisis, KLSE composite index continuously dropping around 75% and this phenomenon last until August 1998 which reached 303. While for currency, the Malaysian currency kept depreciating and reached its peak of 4.545 in January 1998. Besides, for industrial production index, was also declining in the beginning of 1998 due to fall of production in various d ivision including electricity and electronic, manufacturing and wood products. On the other hand, using year 1999 as the base year, the inflation rate increased from the initial 92.68 in the end of year 1997 to 97.59 in the end of year 1998. In response to the crisis, various defensive measures were introduced. One of them was fixing of the ringgit peg to the US dollar at 3.80 that imposed by the premier, Dr. Mahathir Mohammad (Dori, 1998). In order to fight against the depreciation of currency and rising of inflation, Malaysian government decided to temporarily raise interest rates. Therefore, the interest rate increased from initial 9.58% in July 1997 to 12.07% in July 1998. This led to higher return on Malaysian investment and attracted more foreign capital as a strategy to inflate the effect of depreciation. For inflation, rises in the interest rate encouraged people to save instead of spend that helped to reduce inflation. In this globalized era, the financial systems in different countries around the world are integrated. Again, Malaysia is suffering due to the global financial crisis that was originated from United States in year 2007. However, Malaysia may not witness sharp downturn as compared to Asian Financial Crisis in 1998 (Asmy et al., 2009). This might due to Malaysia stock market has little linkage with the subprime loan in United States. The negative shock from United States was transmitted to Malaysia in the fourth quarter of 2008. Malaysian government de-pegging of the Ringgit from the US dollar in 2005, the Malaysian currency had depreciated from initial 3.4575 in September 2008 to 3.6085 in January 2009. On the other hand, the industrial production index declined as well started from the end of year 2008. Among those divisions that were significantly affected were electrical and electronic, textiles wearing apparel and footwear, rubber, wood as well as paper products. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The connection between macroeconomic variables and stock price" essay for you Create order 1.1.1 Malaysian Stock Market Bursa Malaysia is an exchange holding company approved under Section 15 of the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007. It operates a fully-integrated exchange, offering the complete range of exchange-related services including trading, clearing, settlement and depository services. The wholly-owned subsidiaries of Bursa Malaysia own and operate the various businesses. Today, Bursa Malaysia is one of the largest bourses in Asia with just under 1,000 listed companies providing a wide range of investment choices to the world (Bursa Malaysia, 2010). In 1930, the first formal securities business organisation introduced in Malaysia was the Singapore Stockbrokers Association. It was later re-registered as the Malayan Stockbrokers Association in 1937. The Malayan Stock Exchange was established in 1960 and the public trading of shares commenced in the clearing house of Bank Negara Malaysia. Due to the termination of currency interchange ability between Malaysia and Singapore, the Stock Exc hange of Malaysia and Singapore was divided into the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad (KLSE) and the Stock Exchange of Singapore (SES) in 1973 (Bursa Malaysia, 2010). On 14 April 2004, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad changed their name to Bursa Malaysia Berhad. Besides, they employ demutualization in order to enhance the competitive position and to respond to global trends in the exchange sector, leading to become more customer-driven and market-oriented. On 18 March 2005, Bursa Malaysia was listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad. In Dec 2008, Bursa Malaysia launched a new trading platform called Bursa Trade Securities, enabling faster processing and execution of orders and providing wider trading functions and features (Bursa Malaysia, 2010). As part of Bursa Malaysias strategic initiative, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) was enhanced to ensure that it remains robust in measuring the national economy with growing linkage to the global econom y. Bursa Malaysia together with FTSE, its index partner, had integrated the KLCI with internationally accepted index calculation methodology to provide a more investable, tradable and transparently managed index. The enhanced KLCI, whilst remaining representative of the Malaysian stock market, provided a platform for a wider range of investable and appealing opportunities. The KLCI is now known as the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI and the enhancements were implemented on 6 July 2009 (Bursa Malaysia, 2010). There are six main advantages for implementing FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI, which are the followings (Bursa Malaysia, 2010): The KLCI is known as FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI to provide global relevance, recognition and reach. The new index complies with the international accepted calculation method, enabling a comparison among other countries stock index that makes it more relevant with the global financial condition. A market barometer made up of primary market movers will more apt ly define market activities while remaining representative of the Malaysian stock market. Stocks that are not marketable or without a good rating should be eliminated out of the index because it will only drag the value of the average market index. Thus, the new index only consists of 30 most rated and marketable stocks from various sectors. The FTSE Bursa Malaysia index calculation methodology emphasises free float and liquidity screens for a clearer representation of the market. Unlike previous KLCI index which consists of 100 companies, the new index only focus on the 30 stocks which are always liquid and marketable in order to give a true picture of the market. A smaller basket of 30 stocks makes it easier to manage and more appealing for the creation of Index Linked products to promote market liquidity. The greater the stocks contained in the index, the higher of difficulties in calculating the index. Smaller basket of stocks therefore can make the calculations of index t o be easier and save efforts on monitoring and managing all these stocks. Besides, unsystematic risks can also be reduced because fewer companies are involved into the index. Increasing the frequency of index calculation from every 60 seconds to every 15 seconds tracks the market pulse closely and more efficiently. The new index provides a better accuracy of market values because it monitors the share price more frequently. Hence, it can reduce price misleading with the faster reflection of overall market share prices of index. The continuity of the KLCI index value preserves the historical movements of the Malaysian stock market. Rather than to start with a new value, the new index continues with the previous value to pertain the trends of the Malaysia market for market survey and statistical researches. On 3 August 2009, Bursa Malaysia effectively implemented a merging procedure where main board and second board merged into a single main market while Mesdaq revamped into ACE market. When the second board was established in November 1988, it was to complement the main board by providing smaller companies with firm growth potential, particularly small and medium enterprises (SMEs), with an avenue to raise funds in the equity market. The following year, only two companies were floated on the second board. The population grew to 14 in 1990 and to 160 five years later. Owing to the stock market boom over the next several years, the lightweight listings surged, keeping the ratio of main board companies to second board companies at about 5:3. The number of second board counters peaked in 2000 with 297 companies. The board began the decade with 292 companies but now has 219. The steady decline was partly the result of delisting by the exchange because the companies had failed to rescue themselves from financial woes. To create a well-defined board structure that caters efficiently to the different risk appetites of investors was the prime objective of the unification and the transformation of the Mesdaq Market into the ACE Market. The ACE Market is designed to offer emerging companies early access to equity funding. The Main Market will be for established companies, and will have uniform listing requirements and comprehensive market-based regulation. Another benefit of the merger is that it eliminates the problem of poor sentiment on Mesdaq and second board counters spilling into the main board (Second Board, 2009). Furthermore, this new framework for listings and equity fund-raisings is aimed at allowing efficient access to capital and investments, as well as making Bursa Malaysia a more attractive platform for Malaysian and foreign companies. There is a significant shift in the regulatory approach with regards to listings and equity fund-raisings. This shift to a more market-based regulatory approach is to ensure greater efficiency and competitiveness without compromising on investor protection. Enabling blocks have been pu t in place to enhance the standards of due diligence, disclosures and corporate governance. 1.2 Problem Statement Some of the fundamental macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and industrial production are generally believed that they are the determinants of the stock price. In general, a number of studies have been issued on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in other countries such as the US, Singapore, and Japan. Different studies have provided different results. The result of previous studies have changed according to the macroeconomic variable used and the research methodology employed. This paper extends the literature by examining the effect on stock price due to the different macroeconomic variables by using different methodology approaches including descriptive statistics, unit root test, cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM) . Besides, in this study, we tend to examine on the relationship between the macroeconomic variable and stock prices in Malaysia. This is due to the previous studies (Gan, Lee, Au Yong Zhang, 2006; Maysami et al., 2004) focus mainly on developed countries such as New Zealand and Singapore. However, developing countries such as Malaysia are less explored by the researcher because most of the people lack of knowledge in this field of study. Therefore, in this paper, we tend to focus this study in our developing country, Malaysia. In previous paper, there is no research investigating those five variables simultaneously with the stock prices in Malaysia. Therefore, we have chosen five macroeconomic variables including inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, money supply and industrial production index to examine the variables with the stock prices. Indeed, there are other variables that affect stock prices but we limit our discussion on these variables because of efficiency in modeling as incorporating many variables result in loss of degree of freedom. In our paper, five of the macroeconomic variables are assumed to be signifi cant to the stock prices. For example, we assume that exchange rate has a significant relationship with the stock prices. However, Ahmed and Mustafa (n.d.), Gan et al. (2006), Fama (1981) and Humpe and Macmillan (2009) do not include exchange rate in their research because it seems to be insignificant variable to them. Nevertheless, exchange rate is assumed to be extremely significant variable to the stock price because nowadays is global village where the linkage between local stock market and global stock market becomes tightened. It is due to the fact that fluctuation in exchange rate will affect the foreign investor decision in investing in our country. Home currency depreciation relative to the host country will intensify the demand for the domestic assets because it is relatively cheaper for them to hold. Hence, foreign investors will purchase domestic assets when the home currency is depreciate and sell when the home currency is appreciate in order the gain from the currency differences. For some macroeconomic variables, findings of prior studies are found to differ from our hypotheses since they examine using annually data, instead of monthly or daily data which could provide a better view of fluctuation in macroeconomic activities. Against this background, we reinvestigate the impact of the macroeconomic variable on stock prices based on monthly data. This is because monthly data can reflect a better vision of the fluctuation in the macroeconomic activities compare to the annually data (Rahman, Sidek Tafri, 2009). Therefore, for our research, we used up-to-date time series monthly data from year 1999 to year 2008 to explore the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the stock prices in Malaysia. Using obsolete data to derive the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock price, it may mislead the current situation in the economy, which in turn brings the information futile. In contrast, using up-to-date data may reflect the current situation in the economy which guides the policy makers to propose an appropriate policy based on our economy situation. We hope this paper can help to shed some useful light for government in stabilizing the stock price in Malaysia. 1.3 Research Objectives 1.3.1 General Objective The objective of this study is to gather information and examine the relationship between macroeconomic variable and the stock prices in Malaysia by using time series data from year 1999 to year 2008. 1.3.2 Specific Objectives To examine the relationship between interest rate and stock prices. To investigate the effect on exchange rate with the stock prices. To explore the interaction between the inflation rate and stock prices. To estimate the result of the relationship between money supply and stock prices. To identify the effect of industrial production on the stock prices. To estimate which macroeconomic variables are better policy instrument in order to stabilize the stock prices. 1.4 Research Questions Two research questions are central to this study: Examine the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Malaysia. Determine the macroeconomic variables that can be used to predict stock prices in Malaysia. 1.5 Hypotheses of the Study In order to achieve the objectives of the study, we will hypothesize certain relationships between exchange rate, industrial production index, inflation rate, interest rate and money supply with the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI). The following hypotheses are developed. Interest Rate A reduction in interest rates reduces the costs of borrowing and consequently serves as an incentive for expansion, as companies often finance their capital equipment and inventories through borrowings. This will have a positive effect on future expected returns for the firm. Thus, stock prices react negatively to the interest rate and consistent with the findings of Menike (2006), Maysami et al. (2004) as well as Pilinkus and Boguslauskas (2009). We hypothesize the same, saying that an inverse relationship between interest rate and stock prices. H0: Interest rate is negatively related to KLCI H1: Interest rate is positively related to KLCI Our null hypothesis describes that interest rate is negatively related to KLCI, while alternative hypothesis states that interest rate is positively related to KLCI. We assume our null hypothesis is true, in which we do not reject it. Inflation Rate A rise in inflation generates a level of uncertainty, which in turn decreases the economic activity and lowers the expected output in future that finally results a decline on the stock prices. Hence, it is concluded that inflation rate is inversely related to stock prices. The suggestion is consistent with Chatrath, Ramchander and Song (1997) study which provided an evidence of a negative relationship between market returns and inflationary trends in India. We hypothesize similarly, signifying that there is a negative relationship between inflation rate and KLCI. H0: Inflation rate is negatively related to KLCI H1: Inflation rate is positively related to KLCI Our null hypothesis is that inflation rate is negatively related to KLCI, and alternative hypothesis defines the opposite if null hypothesis is not true. We do believe that our results will not allow us to reject the null hypothesis. Exchange Rate Parallel to the empirical studies, we expect that exchange rate is directly correlated to KLCI. This is because assuming that Malaysia is an import-depending country, a depreciation of the ringgit Malaysia will lead to a rise in the cost of imports and consequently reduces the firms profits (Asmy et al., 2009). This decline in firms profits will be reflected in the value of stocks, suggesting a positive relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. The finding is consistent with Menike (2006) as well as Mohammad, Hussain and Ali (2009), who established positive relationship between the exchange rate and stock prices in Sri Lanka and Pakistan respectively. H0: Exchange rate is positively related to KLCI H1: Exchange rate is negatively related to KLCI Our null hypothesis states that exchange rate is positively related to KLCI, while the alternative hypothesis describes that the exchange rate is negatively related to KLCI. Parallel to the empirical studies, we expect t hat we do not reject H0, indicating that exchange rate is positively correlated to the stock prices. Money Supply Theoretically, the money supply has a negative impact on stock prices because, as money growth rate increases, the inflation rate is also expected to increase, and consequently the stock price should decrease. On the other hand, an increase in money supply growth would also indicate excess liquidity available for buying securities, resulting in higher security prices as well as stimulating the economy. So we have found ambiguous effects. Assuming that effects of a rise in inflation rate are minor, we hypothesize a direct relationship between money supply and stock prices, supported by Bilson, Brailsford and Hooper (2001), Menike (2006) and Gan et al. (2006). H0: Money supply is positively related to KLCI H1: Money supply is negatively related to KLCI Our null hypothesis is that money supply is positively correlated to KLCI, while alternative hypothesis demonstrates that money supply is negatively correlated to KLCI. We expect that we do not reject the null hypothesis. Industrial Production Index Industrial production is typically used as a proxy for the level of real economic activity, that is, a rise in industrial production index would signal economic growth. Maysami et al. (2004) hypothesized a similar positive relationship through the effects of industrial production index on expected future cash flows. We hypothesize likewise, saying that industrial production index is positively related to the stock prices in Malaysia. In other words, an increase in industrial production index would lead to a rise in stock exchange prices. Rahman et al. (2009), who found a positive relationship between industrial production index and stock prices in Malaysia, further support this hypothesis. H0: Industrial production is positively related to KLCI H1: Industrial production is negatively related to KLCI Null hypothesis demonstrates that industrial production index is positively associated to KLCI, while alternative hypothesis is that industrial production index is negatively a ssociated to KLCI. We expect that we do not reject the null hypothesis. 1.6 Significance of the Study It is important to know the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the stock prices in Malaysia. This study aims to observe how the determinants will affect the stock prices in Malaysia. It is believed that government fiscal and monetary policies have large influence on the economy including the stock market. Thus, this motivates financial economists, policy makers and investors to have long attempted to understand the dynamic interactions among macroeconomic variables such as exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate, industrial production index and money supply towards the stock prices in Malaysia (Mansor and Sulaiman, 2001). This study aims to provide a better understanding or meaningful insight for the financial economists, policy makers or governments and investors. It is helpful for them to have a better intuition of the stock market behavior (Rahman et al., 2009). Thus, they will be able to make the adjustments accordingly and eventually move towards achievin g the desired goals. For instance, inflation is a sustained deterioration in the purchasing power of money (EconomyWatch, 2008). Inflation is resulted from various shocks to the economy and will cause changes in the stock prices. Thus, the governments can know when is the need to control high level of unpredictable inflation since it can severely disrupt the economy, and cause uncertainty in financial decisions. By using the monetary policy (increase or decrease the money supply) or fiscal policy (change the amount of taxes and government spending) to control the economic growth in the market, this can prevent fluctuation in the stock prices (GetObject, 2004). On the other hand, the financial economists are interested to know whether the changes in stock prices may influence variations in economic activities and act as a channel of monetary transmission mechanisms. The monetary transmission mechanism requires monetary authorities to take caution in implementing monetary policies especially if they are used to affect movements in the stock prices. This is because the monetary policies can move the stock prices as desired such as implementing expansionary monetary policy to support stock prices (Mansor and Sulaiman, 2001). If the financial economists find that the supply of money is lowered, implying that the government has tightened the monetary policy, which in turn causing interest rate to rise (The Financial Pipeline, n.d.). Thus, they will be cautious about the changes of money supply in order to make proper and adequate adjustments to their policy making process. In addition, by knowing which macroeconomic variables will affect stock prices the most, both the individual and corporate investors would be able to manage their investment decision making wisely according to the changes of the monetary policy (Rahman et al., 2009). Therefore, they will do some research or a study on the economic situation or financial anomalies before they enhance the inve stment decisions. Besides, if they know that the domestic stock prices is increasing which means that the domestic financial assets have become more attractive, the individual or corporate investors will adjust their domestic and foreign portfolios by demanding more domestic assets. As a result, this will lead to an appreciation of the domestic currency. Other macroeconomic variables may also be affected due to these adjustments (Mansor and Sulaiman, 2001). In the nutshells, investors will concern the investment decisions based on the economic condition such as inflation. When there is inflation in Malaysia, individual and corporate investors will attempt to preserve the value of their money by opting for investments that generate yields higher than the rate of inflation (EconomyWatch, 2008). From this scenario, they can have an idea when is the suitable time for them to make investment in order to acquire the opportunity of gaining higher profit. For example, if the investors ex pect there is a rise in inflation in the future, they are likely to invest in the stock market today. Therefore, investors will make the investment decisions wisely. For the academic perspectives, students will likely to know more about which macroeconomic variables might have the strongest effect on the stock prices in developing countries like Malaysia (Rahman et al., 2009). This study can provide them about the linkage of academic theories with the macroeconomic variables, where students will have a better understanding of the usages of the theories learnt. Generally, students are restricted in the paper theory rather than practices because they just study and learn from whatever from the books. Through this study, they can understand the real example on how the macroeconomic variables influence the movement of stock prices in Malaysia, giving a firm evidence to prove the validity of all those theories studied from the books. Besides that, they can know if the financial crisis occurs, what will be the effects to the stock prices, macroeconomic variables as well as economy. 1.7 Chapter Layout The remaining of the paper proceeds as follows. Chapter 2 reviews previous literature and elaborates on the theoretical frameworks. Chapter 3 discusses data used and empirical model to be estimated. Chapter 4 presents the findings and econometric results. Lastly, Chapter 5 provides a summary and concludes the study. 1.8 Conclusion This study aims at examining the role of macroeconomic variables in explaining Malaysian stock prices in order to derive an appropriate policy instrument. By covering time period spans from January 1999 to December 2008, this study employs some fundamental macroeconomic variables including exchange rate, industrial production index, inflation rate, interest rate and money supply. Based on the hypotheses developed, we assume that industrial production index, exchange rate and money supply are positively correlated to KLCI, while inflation rate and interest rate are inversely associated to KLCI. Empirical findings suggest that all of the independent variables appear to significantly influence the stock prices in Malaysia.